[en] Investigation of high-pressure extraneous gas on contour comb. band, spreading trichloroethylene steams are in given article. Increasing of extraneous gas pressure brings to decreasing free molecule circling time is shown

[en] This chapter investigated the physical-chemical proprieties of aluminum hydride

[en] Development of in-situ monitoring system using an optical fiber to measure the real time temperature variation of subsurface water for the evaluation of flow characteristics. We describe the feasibility of developing a fiber-optic temperature sensor using a thermochromic material. A sensor-tip is fabricated by mixing of a thermochromic material powder. The relationships between the temperatures and the output voltages of detectors are determined to measure the temperature of water. It is expected that the fiber-optic temperature monitoring sensor using thermochromic material can be used to measure the real time temperature variation of subsurface water

[en] This paper illustrates the composition of the Hanford Site ferrocyanide tanks using three-component diagrams. The diagrams show the thermodynamic and physical relationships between reactants and diluents as a function of concentration. They have been especially useful for clarifying safety work and chemistry issues. The three-component diagrams act as a way to aid in the understanding of both possible and probable tank layer compositions. Most overall tank compositions appear to be nonreactive and indicate that the fraction of material that might react in tank is only a small part of the total. The result has been a focus of effort on compositions that can actually propagate and a deemphasis on the many combinations that are endothermic. As sampling data becomes available actual tank compositions wig be plotted on the diagrams

[en] Pourbaix diagrams for the copper in 5 molal chlorine at 5-100 deg C have been calculated. Predominance diagrams for dissolved copper containing species have also been calculated. Two different total concentrations of dissolved copper, 10^-4 and 10^-6 molal, have been used in the calculations. ChIoride is the predominating chlorine species in aqueous solutions. Therefore Pourbaix diagrams for chlorine can be used to discuss the effect of chloride solutions on the corrosion behavior of a metal. Presence of chloride increases the corrosion regions of copper at the expense of the immunity and passivity regions in the Pourbaix diagrams. Copper corrodes in 5 molal chloride by formation Of CuCl₃^2- in acid and alkaline solutions. At higher potentials in acid solutions CuCl₃^2- is oxidized to CuCl₂(aq), which at increasing potentials can form CuCI⁺, Cu²⁺ or CuClO₃⁺. Copper passivates by formation of Cu₂O(cr), CuO(cr), or CUO₂ 3 Cu(OH)₂(s). Cu₂O(cr) does not form at [Cu(aq)]_tot = 10^-6 molal in 5 m C1-, which results in a corrosion area between the immunity and passivity areas. Copper at the anticipated repository potentials and pH corrodes at 100 deg C at [Cu(aq)]_tot = 10^-4 molal and at 80-100 deg C at [Cu(aq)]_tot = 10^-6 molal. Copper at the anticipated repository potentials and pH can corrode at 80 deg C at [Cu(aq)]_tot = 10^-4 molal and at 50 deg C at [Cu(aq)]_tot = 10^-6 molal. The bentonite clay and copper canisters in the deep repository can be considered as a 'closed' system from macroscopic point of view. The clay barrier limits both inward diffusion of oxygen and aggressive anions as well as outward diffusion of corrosion products from the canisters. Both diffusion phenomena will drive the corrosion potential into the immunity area of the Pourbaix diagram for copper. The corrosion will thereby stop by an automatic mechanism. However, this is only valid if no macro cracks occur in the clay. The auto-stop is valid for the initial, main and cooling phases. During a glacial period the weight of the ice may cause macro cracks and thereby open the system, which will cause accelerated corrosion. The low temperature will decrease the kinetics of the anodic and cathodic reactions and thereby decrease the corrosion rate. However, the resulting reaction rate can be determined experimentally. Even considering radiolysis in the gap between clay and copper canisters, the conclusion of an auto-stop is still valid. This is due to the up-concentration of dissolved corrosion products, which cause the immunity area to increase. The corrosion potential will then fall into the immunity region and the corrosion will stop

[en] The above mentioned data are given in table form 10 (10) 370 deg C (p. 6) and 4 (1) 370 deg C (pp. 7-14). This report was written in order to sum up measurements of v'_s for D₂O according to available references up to 300 deg C, and suggests an extrapolation formula for the range 300 - 370 deg C with great accuracy. p_s for D₂O was calculated from an empirical formula. v''_s for D₂O was calculated by assuming that the molecular volumes of D₂O and H₂O are the same at the same pressure and reduced temperature

[en] AgInO₂, a silver delafossite has been reported to form under high temperatures and pressures with residual silver impurity. It is an n-type transparent oxide and has found applications in thermoelectric energy conversion, transparent photo catalysts etc. In this context, we report the formation of phase pure AgInO₂ by hydrothermal method using nitrates of silver and indium as starting precursors for the first time by conceiving the factorial design approach to identify the optimum conditions for the synthesis of phase pure product. Three preparative conditions viz., temperature, dwell time (holding time at the reaction temperature) and concentration of KOH with mixed level design were considered for optimization. In conclusion, hexagonal nanoplates of phase pure AgInO₂ was successfully prepared via hydrothermal route for the first time by considering a factorial design approach. In this synthesis, the combined effect of 180 ºC and 4 M KOH with no dwell time dependency between 24 h and 60 h are found favorable for phase purity

[en] In this paper, spent-fuel specimens (∼3 g each) with a burnup of 21 to 39 GWd/t were dissolved in 30 ml of 4 M HNO₃ at 100 degrees C, and the distribution of iodine and its chemical forms in the solution were studied. A small quantity of the iodine was conveyed to the insoluble residue (up to 2.3%), some remained in the fuel solution (up to 9.7%), and the balance was in the off-gas. Iodine was not deposited on the fuel cladding. Organic iodides were only ∼6.5% or less of the total amount of iodine in the off-gas. The fuel solution included iodine species that were difficult to expel by NO₂ sparging alone (27 to 46% of the iodine in the solution). These species were ascribed to be the colloids of AgI and PdI₂. Iodate (IO^-₃) was a rather minor iodine species in dissolution in ∼4 M HNO₃. A thermochemical calculation also supports these results, indicating that the quantity of IO^-₃ is ≤1.7 x 10^-4% of the iodine fed to 4 M HNO₃ and that the colloid of AgI can be formed when the concentration of I^- is ≥5.3 x 10^-10 M

[en] Charge-stripping mass spectrometry and ab initio calculations predict UF³⁺ as the first diatomic trication which is thermochemically stable towards Coulomb explosion into U²⁺ + F⁺. The corresponding energy diagram is depicted. (orig.)

[en] Today, the control and the regulation of the processes of metallurgy of metal extraction, or other kind of their chemical thermic treatment, should be based on previously well studied and defined parameters for efficient work. While projecting, new technologies or optimizing the existing ones, the scientific approach is based on the treatment of an enormous number of information and data. The chemical thermodynamics with the previous thermodynamical analysis also has a great part in this. Most often it's all about complex systems, making analysis applying the classical method assumes great work, yet the results derived from the analysis are not always clearly visible. In this scientific work, based on literature data for the necessary thermodynamical values, a thermodynamical analysis was made on the system Fe-O-Cl. When making the analysis, the program 'THERMANAL' specialized on the Institute of Extractive Metallurgy (TMF-Skopje) was used as software. With this analysis, the areas of stability of pure condensed phases in the system Fe-O-Cl, are defined, depending on the potential of the gas species at a constant temperature of 833 and 881 K, and the results are given graphically in the plain log P_Cl2 [bar] - log P_O2, [bar] and the Gibbs triangle of concentrations. (Original)