[en] The processes by which an Australian policy on energy research and development has evolved are discussed. Levels of energy R and D activity, relative priorities and the role of governments, of the National Energy Research Development and Demonstration Council and of the AAEC are considered. It is argued that failure to consider the institutional context of energy R and D in Australia has meant that the programme is illogical and wasteful. Much of the research being supported has no prospect of being deployed for the benefit of the Australian community. From an analysis of uranium enrichment, it is concluded that there is no justification for such a large commitment of funds to the enrichment programme