[en] Studies of the last 15 years on using nuclear microanalysis in determining elementary composition (from H to Pb) and structure of glass near the surface layers are reviewed. Necessity of nondestructive analysis of glass material surface at different stages of technological processes is noted in connection with increased role of glass as structural material. In particular, possibilities of studying processes of interaction of water and aqueous solutions with glass surface, ion implantation into glasses, diffusion of implanted ions, processes in glass fine near the surface layers for radioactive waste disposal etc. using nuclear methods of microanalysis (method of Rutherford backscattering, methods of nuclear reactions...) as well combination of the latter with non-nuclear ones are considered