[en] The different vegetation types of the last climatic cycle, well recorded in pollen sequences, may give a good idea of the variability of the continental biosphere. Interglacial, glacial, interstadial and interphasic vegetations characteristics for the European subcontinent are described. The two possible approaches to paleoclimates from pollen analytical data are presented: present-day taxa distribution, ancient pollen spectra. Principles, drawbacks and use of the nearest analogue approach are detailed and in particular, the loading factor technique, which enables to minimize the disturbing effect of man's impact, is described. Climate reconstructions (annual and seasonal parameters) from european sequences are briefly discussed