[en] Prostate cancer is increasing rapidly in Japan. Surgery and conformal radiotherapy, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), heavy particle therapy, and brachytherapy are the most widely accepted curative options for patients with early-stage prostate cancer. All of these local treatments have been refined, resulting in comparable cure rates; however, they all have different profiles in terms of side effects. The decision on how to treat is based on complications after treatment and the grade of maintenance of quality of life (QOL). Although permanent implantation of ¹²⁵I seeds has just begun in Japan, it seems likely that the procedure will become widespread. (author)