[en] The scars left by a badly balanced and paralyzing policy of technology development got wider under the effect of the political and economical disruptions that have affected the Central and Eastern Europe countries during the 1990's. The Western World and in particular the European Union publicly announced their will to contribute to the success of the transition process in progress in these countries. But what about the real facts? What are the obstacles that contradict the indispensable technological modernization of Eastern countries? What would be consequences if the European Union may not succeed in implementing solutions allowing to reach this goal? The object of this report is to precise these stakes and to present them with some sectoral illustrations taken in the public health domain, in the energy sector, and in the nuclear and aerospace industries. It proposes a reorganization of the policies of these countries and presents a status of the cooperations in progress with the difficulties encountered. Concerning the nuclear aspect, the report takes stock of the situation of the civil nuclear industry: reactors situation, conditions of exploitation, back-end of the fuel cycle, future of the research domain, impact of the disarmament treaties. The status of the cooperations stresses on the richness of the traditional scientific and technical cooperations, on the prevention of nuclear proliferation and on the nuclear safety question. (J.S.)