[en] We report a measurement of the reflection of ultracold neutrons from flat, large-area plates of different Fermi potential materials with low surface roughness. The results were used to test two diffuse reflection models, the well-known Lambert model and the micro-roughness model which is based on wave scattering. The Lambert model fails to reproduce the diffuse reflection data. The surface roughness b and correlation length w, obtained by fitting the micro-roughness model to the data are in the range 1≤b≤3 nm and 10≤w≤120 nm, in qualitative agreement with independent measurements using atomic force microscopy. (orig.)