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Hopwood, J. M.; Saroudis, J., E-mail: john.saroudis@candu.com
Candu Energy Incorporated (Canada)
Proceedings of NUCLEAR 2013 the 6th annual international conference on sustainable development through nuclear research and education. Part 1/32013
Candu Energy Incorporated (Canada)
Proceedings of NUCLEAR 2013 the 6th annual international conference on sustainable development through nuclear research and education. Part 1/32013
AbstractAbstract
[en] CANDU reactor technology was originally developed in Canada as part of the original introduction of peaceful nuclear power in the 1960s and has been continuously evolving and improving ever since. The CANDU reactor system was defined with a requirement to be able to efficiently use natural uranium (NU) without the need for enrichment. This led to the adaptation of the pressure tube approach with heavy water coolant and moderator together with on-power fuelling, all of which contribute to excellent neutron efficiency. Since the beginning, CANDU reactors have used [NU] fuel as the fundamental basis of the design. The standard [NU] fuel bundle for CANDU is a very simple design and the simplicity of the fuel design adds to the cost effectiveness of CANDU fuelling because the fuel is relatively straightforward to manufacture and use. These characteristics -- excellent neutron efficiency and simple, readily-manufactured fuel -- together lead to the unique adaptability of CANDU to alternate fuel types, and advancements in fuel cycles. Europe has been an early pioneer in nuclear power; and over the years has accumulated various waste products from reactor fuelling and fuel reprocessing, all being stored safely but which with passing time and ever increasing stockpiles will become issues for both governments and utilities. Several European countries have also pioneered in fuel reprocessing and recycling (UK, France, Russia) in what can be viewed as a good neighbor policy to make most efficient use of fuel. The fact remains that CANDU is the most fuel efficient thermal reactor available today [NU] more efficient in MW per ton of U compared to LWR's and these same features of CANDU (on-power fuelling, D_2O, etc) also enable flexibility to adapt to other fuel cycles, particularly recycling. Many years of research (including at ICN Pitesti) have shown CANDU capability: best at Thorium utilization; can use RU without re-enrichment; can readily use MOX. Our premise is that CANDU can be deployed in Europe to reduce waste, save money for operating utilities (i.e. Nuclearelectrica) and introduce much more flexible fuel options. This paper provides an update on recent developments in the application of CANDU to important fuel cycle options. More specifically we report on recent developments in three key areas: China NUE uses both RU and DU, two waste products to make fuel. Test irradiations done, moving to full-core implementation, China - Thorium, UK - MOX. CANDU is a leading contender and most efficient practical solution. In the current context where nuclear power expansion remains under consideration for many countries as the primary greenhouse-gas-free energy option, the deployment of CANDU reactors for advanced fuel use provides important potential advantages, both on its own and in synergy with other elements of the global nuclear system. (authors)
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Constantin, Marin; Turcu, Ilie (Institute for Nuclear Research-Pitesti, PO Box 78, 1 Campului Str., RO-115400 Mioveni, Arges (Romania)) (eds.); Institute for Nuclear Research-Pitesti, PO Box 78, 1 Campului Str., RO-115400 Mioveni, Arges (Romania); University of Pitesti, Bd. Republicii, 71, Pitesti (Romania). Funding organisation: National Authority for Scientific Research, Bucharest (Romania); 241 p; ISSN 2066-2955; ; 2013; p. 134-139; NUCLEAR 2013: 6. annual international conference on sustainable development through nuclear research and education; Pitesti (Romania); 22-24 May 2013; Also available from author(s) or Institute for Nuclear Research-Pitesti, 1 Campului Str., RO-115400 Mioveni, Arges (RO); 8 refs.
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Conference
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ACTINIDES, BARYONS, DEUTERIUM COMPOUNDS, ELEMENTARY PARTICLES, ELEMENTS, FERMIONS, FUEL ASSEMBLIES, HADRONS, HEAVY WATER MODERATED REACTORS, HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS, METALS, NUCLEONS, OXYGEN COMPOUNDS, POWER, POWER REACTORS, PRESSURE TUBE REACTORS, REACTOR COMPONENTS, REACTORS, SEPARATION PROCESSES, THERMAL REACTORS, TUBES, URANIUM, WATER
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