[en] Interest in heterogeneous catalysis has increased dramatically in the last decade. The extent of interest in this and related field can be accessed from the newly coined terms like, ^semi-heterogeneous catalysis^, for the processes and mechanisms that are amalgam of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Whereas the progresses made I the area of science and technology of nano materials has provided the main impetus, the innovative processing of carbon nano tubes has added to potential applications in process engineering and consumer applications. The graphene based catalysts are yet another emerging class of catalysts with huge potential. This technical review summarizes the developments made in the area of material developments, a better understanding of processes involved and role of computational chemistry in the recent achievements. The emerging applications in the areas of process engineering have also been discussed. (author)

[en] An orifice flow system is developed and could be used for calibration of high vacuum gauges ranging from 10.3 mbar to 10.6 mbar with argon gas. A standard transfer gauge (SRG) confirms the applicability of the experimental set-up and obtained results. It is shown that this standard system could be used for calibration of high vacuum gauges with in the experimental error reported. The experimental results obtained .in two pressure zones are numerically modeled. A three dimensional system of Navier-Stokes equations is reduced to one dimension governing equations using symmetric technique. A finite difference method is applied to this reduced system together with prescribed boundary conditions. An SaR iterative scheme is employed to solve the system up to a fair accuracy. Numerical solutions of ID system are compared and reported to close accuracy with the experimental data. (author)