[en] The purpose of the this study was to measure the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) and body organs, and the effective doses in intravenous urography (IVU) X-ray examinations in Sudanese hospitals. Seventy-two patients who underwent IVU multiple radiographs from five hospitals (six rooms) were examined. ESAK was calculated from incident air kerma (Ki) using patient exposure parameters and tube output Y(d). Dose calculations were performed using CALDOSE X 5.1 Monte Carlo-based software. Risk of cancer induction (4–8) and mortality per million (2–4) varied. The gallbladder, colon, stomach, gonads and uterus received organ doses of 5.3, 3.6, 3.2, 0.61, and 0.8 mGy, respectively. ESAK values ranged from 6.6 to 15.3 mGy (effective doses: 0.70–1.6 mSv). Mean ESAK fall slightly above the diagnostic reference level. Several optimization strategies to improve dose performance were discussed. Reducing the number of radiographs and the use of technique charts according to patient sizes and anatomic areas are among the most important dose optimization tools in IVU. - Highlights: • ESAK values were 6.6–15.3 mGy, while cancer induction (4–8) and mortality per million (2–4) varied. • Reducing radiographs and technique charts are important dose optimization tools. • Digital techniques improve diagnostic quality and have low costs and complications

[en] This study sought to assess patient and operator eye lens doses in diagnostic coronary angiography (DCA) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in a University hospital in Oman. Kerma area product (P_kA), cumulative air kerma (CAK) and fluoroscopic time (FT) were retrospectively recorded from the DICOM header for 264 patients. The median (inter-quartile range) of FT, P_kA and CAK were: 5.3 min (2.6-10.5), 60.9 Gy cm² (41.3-91.4) and 0.86 Gy (0.61-1.29), respectively, for DCA procedures, and they were 20.2 min (13.3-30.1), 174.0 Gy cm² (113.7-253.3) and 2.6 Gy (1.8-3.9), respectively, for PCI procedures. The results revealed wide variability in patient doses among individual patients. Monitoring and recording patient dose data can be valuable for quality assurance and patient safety purposes. Feedback to the operator may help optimize radiation doses to patients and prompt further action, as needed. (authors)