[en] The objective of this thesis is to establish techniques and procedures of Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), that either produce a better signal-to-noise ratio or reduce the errors involved. Cyclic neutron activation analysis is described, and methods for its optimisation and simulation are implemented and compared with conventional activation analysis. The simulation has included theoretical calculation of Bremsstrahlung, and consideration of single and double escape peaks. Massfractionation has been investigated as a new approach to analysis of hot samples as well as a means for ensuring that a representative mass of a given element in a sample is used. Determination of short-lived fission products half lives gamma-ray energies and yields has made possible the characterisation of the short-lived fission product spectrum. The determination of 26 elements including uranium and thorium in a Syrian geological survey was conducted and the usefulness of cluster analysis in detecting systematic and random errors was demonstrated. The utilisation of microcomputer for data acquisition and the development of data processing of such data on a mainframe computer were integrated in order to achieve maximum flexibility. (author)

[en] These factors have made the SMR area getting a wide attention worldwide. In this paper the main design features and market potential of the SMRs in all three reactors lines namely WCRs GCRs and LMRs are discussed. Design and development efforts worldwide are highlighted

[en] The purpose of this appendix is to provide up-to-date technical information relevant to the deployment of small and medium reactors (SMRs). It summarizes the status of SMRs and discusses areas of relevance to their utilization, including seawater desalination; and in particular their simplicity, their flexibility for a variety of applications and the use of passive safety features as fundamental to most of these designs. In response to important commercial developments, the energy range of small and medium reactors is now taken as being up to around 700 MW(e). Detailed information on SMR designs can be found in the IAEA report on The Design and Development Status of Small and Medium Reactor Systems 1995. 5 refs, 2 figs, 1 tab

[en] Simulation and optimisation of a gamma-ray spectrum is derived for a sample irradiated in cyclic mode. The simulation includes consideration of photopeak, Compton continuum, single and double escape peaks and bremsstrahlung. The simulation output forms the input to signal-to-noise ratio optimisation routine. Consequently the sensitivities, and the detection limits for the isotopes of interest can be deduced from the optimised spectrum. Interference from other gamma-lines is identified, if applicable. In addition, a graphical output of the simulated spectrum and a listing of the optimised activation parameters, detection limits and sensitivities are produced. The programme is extended to include simulation of conventionally neutron activated samples. Examples for standard reference materials are given as illustrations. (author)