[en] Cleanup levels of low-level radioactivity in soils is required in the RCRA/CERCLA regulations. These levels should be based on a risk approach. Because of public perception of radiation risk there has been a reluctance to establish residual radiation levels at the conservative end of a risk scale, which could be considered as ''below regulatory concern.'' Risk based evaluations as an integral part of the overall cleanup decision making progress should provide a balanced approach to the acceptance of a cleanup methodology

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[en] Due to the large quantities of low level radioactively contaminated soil encountered at the INEL and the lack of available disposable facilities, anticipated storage and disposal problem are imminent. The space available for disposal of the low level radioactively contaminated soil in the present Radiological Waste Management Complex is very limited. The removal and disposal of low-level radioactively contamination in soil is prohibitive. The status of radioactive as carcinogenic poses a societal and regulatory obstacle in the environmental restoration process. The use of the risk assessment as applied to chemically based hazardous substances must be applied to low level radiological contamination in establishing clean up standards

[en] The total delayed-neutron yield from ²³⁵U was calculated as a function of the energy of the neutron inducing fission. The calculations (based upon fission data and fission systematics) extend from thermal to 15-MeV neutron energies. The energy-dependent delayed-neutron calculations are generally consistent with experimental results from thermal to 14-MeV neutron energies. Delayed-neutron yields of 168.7 +- 16.7, 178.2 +- 17.2, and 88.9 +- 10 were obtained at thermal, fission-spectrum, and 15-MeV neutron energies, respectively. The energy dependence of the odd-even effect in the fission charge distribution was found to partially account for the near constant yield observed below 5 MeV neutron energy as well as the rapid decrease in yield observed at the second-chance fission threshold

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[en] The development of a risk based clean up standard for low levels of radioactive soils has been initiated at the INEL using the methodology contained within the structure of the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (FFA/CO) using section 120 (e) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986

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