[en] Results of research show, that in the given region reservoirs are considerably impoverished in the specific variety. Some kinds are found out in individual copies. Rather poor spectrum of a chironomide specific variety in in the investigated reservoirs, probably is connected to unsuccessful ecological condition in region. The specified changes in structure of the hereditary device chironomide, probably are a result of adaptive selection in conditions of radioactive contamination

[en] Full text: Kazakhstan territory is unique including regions with radioactive pollution of Semipalatinsk nuclear test territory and storage of radioactive waste of uranium mines and metallurgy enterprises, and regions of drying Aral sea. These technogenic factors may cause some types of chromosome aberrations and developmental anomalies in mammals. The level of mutagenesis was estimated basing on chromosome aberrations and genomic mutation frequencies in bone marrow cells of natural rodents populations (Allactaga major Kern, Allactaga saltator Eversman, Cytellus eritrogenus Br.) and domestic animals (sheep, cattle, horse), which inhabit these regions. Sheep populations which are bred in the regions with different climatic conditions were used for teratological investigations. Different generations are met in the populations of mice family rodents caught in the nature. So studying the animals of different ages separately we can estimate the frequency of mutations in the animals of different age inhabiting the same radiation polluted regions. The frequency of chromosome abe rations in mice family rodents from such territories was twice as high as from the clear territories. In some animals chromosome aberration types characteristic for radiation mutagenesis (dicentrics, double acentric fragments) were found. High level of cytogenetical instability in somatic cells of agricultural animals which were bred on the pastures within former nuclear test territories for several generations may be caused by chronic radiation in low doses. The analysis of the spectrum of recorder chromosome aberrations in somatic cells and their dynamics in different animal species inhabiting for several generations these territories being chronically irradiated, allows us to investigate the direction of genetical evolution of mammals genofond structure induced by ecological factors. Comparative analysis of the frequencies of spontaneous abortuses, deadborn and newborn animals with innate developmental anomalies in the flocks bred in different environment conditions may obtain essential information about the influence of the negative anthropogenic environmental factors on the animals genotype. Indeed, different developmental anomalies frequency was recorded for the sheep populations from different environments and different selection directions which were carried out for many years. It was found that some types of innate developmental anomalies caused by environmental factors. Endogenic factors also Contribute to etiology of some developmental anomalies. In some lambs with innate anatomical defects about 47% bone marrow cells displayed chromosome aberrations and genomic mutation