No abstract available

[en] We present the development of a hybrid model approach to producing time estimates for evacuation planning by multi agent simulation. Further, we present the results from simulation of various evacuation cases in the region surrounding the Tomari NPP, and look at how the evacuation behavior of UPZ inhabitants affects the evacuation times of PAZ population. (author)

No abstract available

[en] We report on large-scale ab initio calculations for intercombination lines in Si I-like ions. Two measurable quantities, the lifetime of the 3s3p³⁵S₂ level and the branching ratio of the two lines are discussed, to infer the importance of different features of our calculations. The effects of core polarization, two-body spin-dependent operators and Dirac contra Breit-Pauli approaches are discussed. Earlier calculations are reviewed and evaluated. The calculated lifetimes are in good agreement with experiments, while a discrepancy persists for branching ratios

[en] It is shown that if a non-invertible area preserving local homeomorphism on ${\mathbb{T}}^2$ is homotopic to a linear expanding or hyperbolic endomorphism, then it must be topologically transitive. This gives a complete characterization, in any smoothness category, of those homotopy classes of conservative endomorphisms that consist entirely of transitive maps. (paper)

[en] High-pressure microfluidics exposes new areas in chemistry. In this paper, the reliability of transparent borosilicate glass chips is investigated. Two designs of circular cavities are used for fracture strength tests, either 1.6 mm wide with rounded corners to the fluid inlets, or 2.0 mm wide with sharp inlet corners. Two kinds of tests are done, either short-term, e.g. pressurization to fracture at room temperature, or long-term, with fracture at constant pressurization for up to one week, in the temperature region 11–125 °C. The speed of crack fronts is measured using a high-speed camera. Results show fracture stresses in the range of 129 and 254 MPa for short-term measurements. Long-term measurements conclude the presences of a temperature and stress dependent delayed fracture. For a reliability of one week at 11–38 °C, a pressure limit is found at the lower end of the short-term measurements, or 15% lower than the average. At 80 °C, this pressure limit is 45% lower. Crack speeds are measured to be 10⁻⁵ m s⁻¹ during short-term fracture. These measurements are comparable with estimations based on slow crack growth and show that the growth affects the reliability of glass chips. This effect is strongly affected by high temperatures, thus lowers the operating window of high-pressure glass microfluidic devices. (paper)

[en] Systematic theoretical calculations based on the multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock method have been carried out for the electron affinities of anions of the elements of group III (B, Al, Ga, In and Tl), group IV (C, Si, Ge, Sn and Pb), group V (N, P and As), group VI (O, S, Se, Te and Po) and group VII (F, Cl, Br, I and At) by studying the ground energies of neutral atoms and their corresponding negative ions. The differences between the calculated total energies of the neutral atom and its anion were used to obtain the electron affinities. We discuss in detail the effects of configuration interaction, investigate the importance of including different types of correlations and check the impact of the higher order relativistic corrections on electron affinities. Our calculated electron affinities are compared with experimental and other available theoretical results. The present studies are the first systematic studies of all these elements. We give the first theoretical values for the affinities of elements Se, Te, Po and At; thereinto, there is no experimental value for elements Po and At. (paper)

[en] New imaging technologies utilising X-rays and radiopharmaceuticals have developed rapidly. Clinical application of computed tomography (CT) has revolutionised medical imaging and plays an enormous role in medical care. Due to technical improvements, spatial, contrast and temporal resolutions have continuously improved. In spite of significant reduction of CT doses during recent years, CT is still a dominating source of radiation exposure to the population. Combinations with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) and especially the use of SPECT/CT and PET/CT, provide important additional information about physiology as well as cellular and molecular events. However, significant dose contributions from SPECT and PET occur, making PET/CT and SPECT/CT truly high dose procedures. More research should be done to find optimal activities of radiopharmaceuticals for various patient groups and investigations. The implementation of simple protocol adjustments, including individually based administration, encouraged hydration, forced diuresis and use of optimised voiding intervals, laxatives, etc., can reduce the radiation exposure to the patients. New data about staff doses to fingers, hands and eye lenses indicate that finger doses could be a problem, but not doses to the eye lenses and to the whole body. (authors)

[en] Fuel cells are promising for future energy systems, because they are energy efficient and able to use renewable fuels. However, there is still a need for improvement and a fully coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach based on the finite element method, in three-dimensions, is developed to describe an anode-supported planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). Governing equations are solved for electron, ion, heat, gas-phase species and momentum transport, and implemented and coupled to kinetics describing electrochemical reactions. It is shown that the heat generation due to the electrochemical reactions results in an increased temperature distribution and further current density along the main flow direction. This increase is limited due to the consumption of electrochemical reactants within the cell. For cases with a high current density generation, the resistance to electron transport and the oxygen gas-phase flow is high for positions (within the cathode) under the interconnect ribs, which gives a high current density gradient in the direction normal to the electrode/electrolyte interface. The increase in the current density is accelerated by an increased temperature along the main flow direction, due to the strong coupling between the local current density and the local temperature. It is shown that an increase of the anode active area-to-volume ratio with a factor of two transfers around 20 mV of (activation) polarization from the anode to the cathode side, for the case investigated in this study

[en] We report extensive relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations of oscillator strengths and hyperfine structures for a large number of electric dipole transitions in In II. Results for the 5s²¹S₀-5s5p³P^o₀ hyperfine induced transition are also presented. Core polarization is accounted for by means of explicit CI. To describe spin-polarization effects configuration state functions obtained by single excitations from all core-shells are included in the expansions. The computed oscillator strength for the 5s²¹S₀-5s5p³P^o₁ intercombination transition is in good agreement with laser spectroscopy measurements of In⁺ ions in a radio-frequency trap. The calculated magnetic dipole hyperfine interaction constants agree very well with experimental constants derived from Fourier transform spectra. The problem with off-diagonal interactions affecting the hyperfine structures in closely spaced fine-structure levels is discussed