[en] The deliverable D 1.1 is the first step in the project. This D 1.1 deliverable treats the different components: networks, generation sources and also the actors present in the energy market. The French system is usually commented but comments about the other countries uses are also mentioned. Special attention has been paid to the Dutch system, and a comparison is made between the French and the Dutch system. The main goal of this work is to describe the electric system and its components. Also a benchmarking model is proposed in order to start the studies of the different work package. This benchmarking model implies: the transmission, sub-transmission and distribution electric sub-systems. From this model, different scenarios of perturbations are studied. These scenarios correspond to different framework times (transient and steady states) and they could become fatal for the system operation

[en] The fault in the electrotechnical meaning is defined in the document. The main part of faults in overhead lines are non permanent faults, what entails the network operator to maintain the existing techniques to clear as fast as possible these faults. When a permanent fault occurs the operator has to detect and to limit the risks as soon as possible. Different axes are followed: limitation of the fault current, clearing the faulted feeder, locating the fault by test and try under possible fault condition. So the fault detection, fault clearing and fault localization are important functions of an EPS (electric power systems) to allow secure and safe operation of the system. The function may be improved by means of a better use of ICT components in the future sharing conveniently the intelligence needed near the distributed devices and a defined centralized intelligence. This improvement becomes necessary in distribution EPS with a high introduction of DR (distributed resources). The transmission and sub-transmission protection systems are already installed in order to manage power flow in all directions, so the DR issue is less critical for this part of the power system in term of fault clearing and diagnosis. Nevertheless the massive introduction of RES involves another constraints to the transmission system which are the bottlenecks caused by important local and fast installed production as wind power plants. Dealing with the distribution power system, and facing a permanent fault, two main actions must be achieved: identify the faulted elementary EPS area quickly and allow the field crew to locate and to repair the fault as soon as possible. The introduction of DR in distribution EPS involves some changes in fault location methods or equipment. The different existing neutral grounding systems make it difficult the achievement of a general method relevant for any distribution EPS in Europe. Some solutions are studied in the CRISP project in order to improve the current state of fault diagnosis (investigation time and solution cost involved with a dedicated use of ICT) and make this power system function adequate with the future high DR situation expected. The approach followed to improve the fault diagnosis inside the MV distribution involves new consideration and understanding about the control of MV cells. The document describes the concept of MV level one cell, which is important for the future fault location tools. This level one cell groups all the possible configurations of linked feeders by emergency EPS switches. This concept will be used in the future as a logical and topological reference cell for different functions: load flow, DSM, disconnecting protection. The improved flexibility and coordination between feeders, as proposed in the HTFD application, will have links with the other expected functions needed to make the distribution EPS more autonomous or intelligent

[en] The promoter region of sucrose synthase (susy-Sl) was identified and isolated from tomato. The 5? deletion analysis was carried out for the identification of minimum optimal promoter. Transgenic lines of Arabidopsis thaliana were developed by floral dip method incorporating various promoter deletion cassettes controlling GUS reporter gene. GUS assay of transgenic tissues indicated that full length susy-Sl promoter and its deletion mutants were constitutively expressed in vegetative and floral tissues of A. thaliana. The expression was observed in roots, shoots and flowers of A. thaliana. Analysis of 5? deletion series of susy-Sl promoter showed that a minimum of 679 bp fragment of the promoter was sufficient to drive expression of GUS reporter gene in the major tissues of transgenic A. thaliana. (author)

[en] The electronic valence and conduction charge densities at the γ-dot and X k-points are calculated as a function of position in the unit cell for ZnS in the zinc-blende structure using wave functions derived from empirical pseudopotential band-structure calculations. Detailed plots of the charge density along the [111] direction and in the (110) plane are presented and discussed for the total valence bands and the first and second conduction ones.

[en] The regulatory sequence of sucrose synthase (susy) was explored in HTGS and screened using various bioinformatics tools for promoter prediction and identification of functional regulatory motifs. Transcription start site (TSS) was predicted in the promoter sequence. Species specific motifs were identified by using Plant PAN database. The Plant Care predicted various light responsive, hormone inducible and tissue specific motifs in the full length promoter which may be essential for the constitutive expression governed by this promoter. Full length susy promoter isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) drove maximum transient expression of GUS gene in various tissues of tobacco, cotton and peas. The susy promoter identified and analyzed in this study is suitable for transgene expression in economically important agricultural crops, especially to avoid strong over-expression. (author)

[en] Highlights: • Photovoltaic power systems. • Wind power system. • Battery storage. • Power control is introduced, by using LabVIEW Software. - Abstract: In this paper, the model and the control of hybrid power system is presented. It comprises wind and photovoltaic sources with battery storage supplying a load via an inverter. First, the design and the identification of the hybrid power system components has been made, then the proposed system is modeled and simulated under Matlab/Simulink Package. Finally, the power control of the hybrid system is introduced, by using LabVIEW Software. The proposed control strategy has been experimentally implemented and practical results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid system

[en] Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Tc-99m RBC scan in detection of gastrointestinal (GL bleed. Design: this is a prospective study. Place ad duration of study: It was conducted at the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar from march 2000 to august 2001. Subjects and methods: Twenty-eight subjects with an overage age of 26 plus minus 17 years (22 males and 6 females) were included in this study. All subjects were divided in to two groups. Group-1 (n=16) was having history of GL bleed while group-2 (n=12) was not having any such history. All underwent Tc-99m RBC scan and acquisition was done under large field of view gamma camera for 1-3 hours. Results: Out of 16 (group-1),14 (97%) showed focus of bleed on scan while two (13%) were having false negative scan. Findings were confirmed either on laparotomy (n=4) or by contrast angiography (n=12). In group-2 (n=12), 11(92%) were having true negative scan while 1 (8%) was having false positive scan. Negative scan patients were followed for next 3 months to see any episode of bleed. Sensitivity of test came out to be 87% while specificity 92%. Conclusion: Tc-99m RBC scan is a highly sensitive and specific test in the detection of active GL bleed. However, in needs further evaluation regarding the site of bleed. (author)

[en] A pseudopotential formalism coupled with the virtual crystal approximation are applied to study the effect of compositional disorder upon electronic band structure of cubic Ga_xIn_1−xAs_yP_1−y quarternary alloys lattice matched to InP. The effects of compositional variations are properly included in the calculations. Very good agreement is obtained between the calculated values and the available experimental data for the lattice–matched alloy to InP. The absorption at the fundamental optical gaps is found to be direct within a whole range of the y composition whatever the lattice-matching to the substrate of interest. The alloy system Ga_xIn_1−xAs_yP_1−y lattice matched to InP is suggested to be suitable for an efficient light emitting device (ELED) material.

[en] Highlights: • Wind energy conversion based doubly fed induction generator controlled by matrix converter. • Operation at both sub and super-synchronous regions is possible with the proposed drive system. • Double the power generated by the DFIG at a twice of speed rated. • Sliding mode control is used to achieve active and reactive power control. - Abstract: Many strategies have been developed in last decade to optimize power extracted from wind energy conversion system where many of them can produce only 30% more than the rated power. With the considered strategy, the generated wind power can reach twice its nominal value using a fast and reliable fully rugged electrical control. Indeed, by employing a suitable control technique where the produced power in super-synchronous mode is derived from both the stator and the rotor. Also, the rotor provided power in this case grows up 100% comparing to stator rated power. However, this solution permits to maintain the wind energy conversion system operation in its stable area. The considered system consists of a double fed induction generator whose stator is connected directly to the grid and its rotor is supplied by matrix converter. In this paper, the sliding mode approach to achieve active and reactive power control is used. This latter is combined with de Perturbation and Observation Maximum Power Point Tracking used in the second operation zone. The obtained simulations results are assessed and carried out using Matlab/Simulink package and show the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed control

[en] This article presents a project designed to increase the monetary value of photovoltaic (PV) solar production for residential applications. To contribute to developing new functionalities for this type of PV system and an efficient control system for optimising its operation, this article explains how the proposed system could contract to provide ancillary services, particularly the supply of active power services. This provision of service by a PV-based system for domestic applications, not currently available, has prompted a market design proposal related to the distribution system. The mathematical model for calculating the system's optimal operation (sources, load and exchanges of power with the grid) results in a linear mix integer optimisation problem in which the objective is to maximise the profits achieved by taking part in the electricity market. Our approach is illustrated in a case study. PV producers could gain by taking part in the markets for balancing power or ancillary services despite the negative impact on profit of several types of uncertainty, notably the intermittent nature of the PV source. (author)