[en] In this paper, the radiation damage and the crystalline recovery under various annealing conditions in the neutron-transmutation doped GaAs specimens have been directly observed by means of the 1.5-MeV He⁺ ion Rutherford backscattering-channeling analysis technique, and compared with the electrical parameters measured by the Hall effect. The thermal annealing effects are discussed

[en] A new extractant, N-octanoyl-2-methylpiperidine (OMPPD) has been synthesized. The extraction of U(VI) with N-octanoyl-2-methylpiperidine (OMPPD) in nitric acid has been studied. The dependence of the partition reaction of U(VI) on the concentrations of nitric acid, extractant, salting-out agent LiNO₃, and temperature has been studied. In the light of the results, the extraction mechanism is discussed. The synergistic extracted complexes may be presented as UO₂(NO₃)₂(OMPPD)₂. The related thermodynamic functions were calculated. (author)

[en] This study aims to explore the clinicopathologic features of 112 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Data from 112 MCL cases were collected, and immunohistochemical assay was conducted. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detected a break in the CCND1 gene. The t-test was used in the statistical analysis. All tumor cells in the 112 cases expressed B cell-related antigen, including 1 blastoid subtype and 1 polymorphic subtype. Among all cases, 106 expressed CD5 and 104 expressed cyclin D1. A break in the CCND1 gene was not found in 3 cases with CD5-MCL. IgH/CCND1 polyploid was observed in 2 classic cases. MCL is a type of special immunophenotypic B-cell lymphoma. The prognoses of blastoid and polymorphic subtypes are poor. Special subtypes should be classified during diagnosis

[en] Highlights: • The nonlinear optical response of BiFeO_3 changes nonlinearly with polarization. • Nonlinear optical response could be used as criteria for the polarization reversal. • Analyzed the origin of the change of nonlinear optical response. • The hybridization of Bi 6s and O 2p leads to the ferroelectric displacement. - Abstract: Rhombohedral BiFeO_3 which has a large spontaneous polarization is a candidate material for ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM). And the polarization reversal is the key factor for the application of FeRAM. Here, the electronic, linear and nonlinear optical properties, structure and its stability of BiFeO_3 during the continuous polarization reversal from reference cubic phase to ferroelectric R3c phase were systematically investigated by LSDA + U (local spin density approximation plus Hubbard U) and DFPT (density functional perturbation theory) method. We proposed that the nonlinear optical second order coefficients could be indicators to check the polarization reversal of BiFeO_3 and our result showed that the coefficient reach its maximum between 20% distortion and 40% distortion during the half path of the reversal. The relationship between the nonlinear optical second order coefficient and the Bader charge was also compared and we found the coefficient is also dependent on the Bader charge. In addition, the linear optical absorption coefficient was calculated; the obvious change in absorption peaks was observed during the transition. By comparing the crystal orbital of the reference cubic phase and distorted R3c phase we found that the hybridized Bi 6s and O 2p is the main reason that causes the structure distortion. The local phonon density of states proves that the Bi and O interaction is the origin of the instability of cubic phase BiFeO_3. The factor group analysis showed the change of Raman and IR modes during the transition

[en] A simplified analytical model of single-level quantum dot (QD) refrigerator was studied without considering the electron spin and Coulomb interaction. Based on the ballistic transport of electrons between two reservoirs across the QD, the Joule heat of the system was assumed to be generated from the Ohmic contacts between the QD and reservoirs. By using the transition rate equation, the performance of the QD refrigerator was studied with respect to the electron transmission probability and the partition ratio (i.e. the fraction of Joule heat generated in the system that releases into the cold reservoir). The analytical expression of the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) was obtained under the exoreversible working condition. The Carnot-bound-dependent COP at maximum cooling power of the QD system was also demonstrated numerically. The results of this work may provide some guidance for the design of mesoscopic refrigerators. (paper)

[en] Karyopherinβ1 (KPNB1), one of the cytosolic factors involved in the selective protein transport across nucleus, docked at nuclear pore complex and transported through nuclear envelope in an ATP-dependent style, assisting proteins to be recognized as import substrates. It has been reported to be bound up with the origination and progress of lung cancer, cervical cancer, head and neck cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. In current study, we demonstrated for the first time that the role of KPNB1 in human glioma. KPNB1 was over-expressed as the well-known trend of Ki-67(p < 0.01) and tightly closed to poor prognosis, as an independent prognostic factor. In vitro, up-regulation of KPNB1 was accompanied by certain rising levels of proliferation markers, employing U251 and U87MG cells as serum-starve models. Silencing KPNB1 in U251 and U87MG led to G1 phase arrested directly via flow cytometry analysis. In the nucleus of KPNB1-depletion cell models, the decreasing expression of KPNB1 and β-catenin was detected respectively, which indicated that KPNB1 functioned via β-catenin signal. Besides, the interaction between KPNB1 and β-catenin was proved clearly by immunoprecipitation. Taken together, it showed that KPNB1 might enhance human glioma proliferation via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. - Highlights: • KPNB1 accelerated the progress of human glioma via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. • The decreased β-catenin expression in nucleus of KPNB1-depletion cells. • We identified the interaction between β-catenin and KPNB1 for the first time. • The close positive relationship between KPNB1 expression and glioma proliferation. • Two kinds of glioma cell lines were applied to this study.

[en] Highlights: • A rapid and effective method for raising stored energy of Cu_45.75Zr_46.75Al_6.5Co₁ bulk metallic glass (BMG) is proposed. • High stored energy promotes the spatial heterogeneity of Cu_45.75Zr_46.75Al_6.5Co₁ BMG. • Moderated negative strain rate sensitivity (form −0.167 to −0.094) is achieved for high stored energy of this BMG. • Dynamic plasticity of Cu_45.75Zr_46.75Al_6.5Co₁ BMG can be improved (from 0 to 0.43%) through elevating the stored energy. -- Abstract: Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are usually brittle, and show serious negative strain rate sensitivity upon dynamic loading due to no sufficient time for generation of the shear bands, which fatally limit their practical applications. Investigations have been done on BMGs dynamic deformation behaviors, but in which yielding phenomenon was hardly reported before. In this work, by raising stored energy which appears as an exothermic heat of relaxation on heating the glass, the dynamic and quasi-static deformation behaviors of Cu_45.75Zr_46.75Al_6.5Co₁ BMG were explored. We found that, compared the BMG at higher energy state with the as-cast BMG, its quasi-static compressive plasticity is improved from 0.9% to 3.3%. Additionally, more meaningfully, under dynamic compression, an evident yield plateau appears on the stress–strain curves of all the treated specimens at different strain rates, also the typical negative strain rate sensitivity of BMG ultimate strength weakens significantly. Other results reveal that raising BMGs stored energy can bring their spatial heterogeneity enhancement which distinctly proliferates shear bands in deformation, thus avoids rapid spread of limited shear bands catastrophically. This work provides an efficient way to improve BMGs dynamic properties and may shed light on their dynamic behaviors.

[en] In this review paper, we highlight the utilization of nanostructured quantum dots (QDs) in light-emitting diodes, biomedical, and energy-related applications. We discuss different preparation methods, cation-doping effects, and the optical applications of perovskite QDs. Cadmium selenide QDs are semiconductor materials with narrow bandgaps; therefore, their optical properties and electronic structures can be tuned. They can absorb photons (light energy) and convert multiple electron-hole pairs efficiently via multiple exciton generations. These effective light absorption properties are suitable for solar-driven water electrolysis processes and efficient photo-electrochemical lithium-air batteries. We focus on the utilization of upconverting nanoparticles in the field of biomedical applications. Suitable bandgap position, efficient charge separation, transportation, and photo-stability are the advantages of QD nanostructured materials. Hence, they are efficient and challenging candidates for the future.

[en] Highlights: • Pollutant adsorption on PVC decreased with increasing hydroxyl group content. • MOHA was released more than ANT from PVC into simulated gastric fluids. • Hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction dominated ANT/OHAs adsorption on PVC. Pollutant-attached microplastics have received increasing attention in recent years. However, information regarding the influence of hydroxyl group content of pollutants on the adsorption and desorption behavior is unclear, which affects their fate and risks in the aquatic environment. In this study, we investigated the adsorption and desorption behavior of anthracene (ANT) and its hydroxy derivatives (OHAs), including 2-hydroxyanthracene (MOHA), 2,6-dihydroxyanthracene (DOHA), and 1,8,9-trihydroxyanthracene (TOHA) on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics, and their interaction mechanism through the batch, characterization, and computational experiments. The results showed that the adsorption of ANT and OHAs on PVC microplastics conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and was exothermic spontaneously. The adsorption efficiency on PVC followed the order of ANT > MOHA > DOHA > TOHA, indicating that increase in hydroxyl group substitution degree will inhibit pollutant adsorption on PVC microplastics. Conversely, the release amounts of MOHA from PVC into simulated gastric fluids were higher than those of ANT. Experimental and computational results suggested that the affinity of ANT/OHAs to PVC microplastics was the most likely outcome in hydrophobic effect, electrostatic repulsion, and CH-π interaction forces. These findings help elucidate the mechanisms of pollutant adsorption on microplastics and evaluate the risk of pollutant-attached microplastics in the aquatic environment.

[en] Highlights: • Adsorption of OHPs on PVC was first investigated compared to PHE. • The adsorption efficiency of PHE on PVC was higher than that of either of OHPs. • Kinetics, isotherm and thermodynamics were clarified for PHE/OHPs adsorption on PVC. • Hydrophobic interaction could be critical for PHE/OHPs adsorption on PVC. The pervasiveness of microplastics, which can absorb pollutants, has a certain impact on pollutant migration in natural waters. Differences in functional groups, such as the hydroxyl group, of pollutants will affect their adsorption on microplastics. In this study, the adsorption of phenanthrene (PHE) or its monohydroxy derivatives, including 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OHP), 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-OHP), 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (4-OHP), and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHP), on polyvinyl chloride (PVC, measured mean particle size = 134 μm) microplastics was studied. The adsorption efficiency of PHE was shown to be higher than that of either of OHPs. A better fit for pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm models was obtained, indicating different binding sites on the surface of PVC microplastics. The adsorption processes of PHE and OHPs on PVC microplastics were demonstrated to be exothermic and spontaneous. Combined with FT-IR analysis, theoretical calculation, and comparative adsorption experiments, hydrophobic interaction was the dominant mechanism during the adsorption process. In contrast, electrostatic repulsion, CH/π interaction, and halogen bonding played a minor role, to an extent, in the adsorption of PHE/OHPs on PVC microplastics. These findings indicate the influence of the hydroxyl group on adsorption and improve the understanding of interactions between PVC microplastics and PHE/OHPs.