[en] Role of nuclear power in power engineering and fuel-power system of the country in the whole is discussed. Economic advantages of NPP's as compared with thermal power plants for district heating (TPP) are grounded. Advisability of combined production of thermal and electric power at TPP as compared with separate heat generation at NPP for district heating and electric power generation at NPP is reported. Data on perspectives of development of nuclear engineering in the light of ''Main directions of economic and social development of the USSR in 1981-1985 and up to 1990'' are presented. It is concluded that nuclear power introduction into national economy would bring important technical, economic and social consequences. Large-scale NPP construction would result in radical revision of the industry structure in the whole fuel-power system including output and transport on the base of modern technology and recent scientific-technical achievements providing essential economic and national economic effect essentially higher labour productivity in fuel power branches of industry. Besides, nuclear engineering creates conditions for better preservation of environment, reduction of expenditures for power and fuel transport, bringing industry centres nearer to centres of energy consumption as well as pre-conditions for removing threat of the so-called ''power hunger''

[en] The cost situation for a series of system variants is investigated to determine an optimum operational order for the fissile material circuit. The most important parameters here are the investment costs and the running costs. The results of the investigation show that industries producing and reprocessing fuel elements must be centrally ordered and have command over considerable production capacities even in the individual constructional stages. (UA)

[en] Two mathematical models are described for two parts of the nuclear power station, the reactor part (thermal energy generation) and the thermal power part (conversion of heat into electrical power). The saturated steam and hot steam reactors are treated as variants, for each of which one optimum was produced by the model. With the rising trend for nuclear fuel prices, the hot steam variant is preferable because of the higher efficiency. (UA)

[en] Results are presented of technical and economical analysis of advisability of constructing combined Nuclear Power and Heating Plants (NPHP) assuring the possibility of their location near the areas of heat power consumption in case of observing a given degree of radiation safety for population and personnel. Specific features determining the choice of turbine-driven units for such plants are analyzed. Conditions of competiveness of a specialized NPHP with alternative power units, NPHP based on the WWER-1000 reactor and district heating plants (NDHP), are determined. Analysis of design specifications of NPHP with two VK-500 reactor units and structures of capital investments in such a plant reveal that an increase in the total capital investments in the NPHP would not exceed 2% with account of the difference in costs for grid heaters and a corresponding change in dimensions of operation rooms as well as changes in costs of heat removal system (within one site) at the TK turbine replacement by the T turbine

No abstract available

No abstract available

[en] Experience gained from prolonged operation of superheating channel of Beloyarsk nuclear power station has convincingly proved engineering feasibility of efficient nuclear superheat. The problems of ensuring both the necessary relation between the power for evaporation and for steam superheating and the safety of channel transfer from water to steam cooling in channel-type reactors are solved relatively easy. Channels in operation with steam outlet temperature up to 565⁰C have proved great operational reliability at the burnup up to 35 kg/t and with normal service life of six-seven years. These results allow counting on good economics of the nuclear power station in spite of relatively great quantity of steel and neutron absorbing contact materials of fuel composition. The use of superheating channels with fuel rods in which the quantity of steel per unit mass of uranium is reduced and the contact material is eliminated allows improving operating and economic characteristics of channel-type reactor by implementing nuclear superheating of steam in it. The report sums up the results of the Beloyarsk nuclear power station operation and examines the prospects of nuclear superheat on the example of the large modular reactor RBM-KP. The project of this type of reactor has fully solved the problems of this trend in nuclear power engineering which is important from a viewpoint of uranium save and essential reduction of heat removal

[en] The operating experience of the Beloyarsk NPP (BNPP) is reported, and prospects for nuclear steam superheating are shortly discussed taking as an example the RBMKP-2400 reactor (calculated steam parameters: 450 deg C and 65 kg/cm²). Characteristic features of the LWGR type reactors are surveyed. The reactors are the most promising to obtain superheated steam of high quality (510-540 deg C, 90 kg/cm²). Lifetime of the both BNPP reactors (100 MWe and 200 MWe respectively) has totalled 21 reactor-years at efficiency approximately 37-38%, capacity factor approximately 62-77% and availability factor approximately 75-91%. The BNPP reactors have proved the feasibility of commercial nuclear steam superheating, adequate reliability, safety and economic attractiveness. It is noted that the reactors with nuclear steam superheating can be economically run at off-peak loads, serve for industrial or district heating purposes and exert far less thermal impact on the environment

No abstract available

[en] A calculation model of the fuel component of the electric energy cost price with regard for the cost of NPP fuel charging is proposed. The method is based on the principle of transfer of the fuel cost to the supplied electric energy proportional to its burnup and to the registration of the fuel charging residual cost as a normative period of justification of capital investments into the national economy. An example of calculation of the fuel component of the electric energy cost price and circulating funds of the NPP is given