[en] This official report first describes the role of nuclear energy in the European electric system: economic context (pricing mode, interconnection leading to a European price), similar situations and different policies in Germany, Belgium and UK. It proposes the contribution of the inquiry commission: a constrained energy transition, a shared diagnosis on the status of the European electric system but two possible solutions, nuclear as an economy on its own requiring a strong commitment of public authorities. The next part addresses the front end of the nuclear cycle, i.e. how to ensure the supply of the French nuclear fleet (world resources, demand-supply balance, weak relationship between uranium price and nuclear electricity price). The inquiry commission outlines and discusses the roles of AREVA for the front end, EDF which tries to be less vulnerable, and the State (EDF's regulator and Areva's support). The third part addresses the maintenance and subcontracting expenses: maintenance as a major challenge to control costs, subcontracting as a choice of industrial policy. The inquiry commission notices that EDF has not yet reached a full control of maintenance and that subcontracting remains a matter of controversy. The fourth part discusses the fleet evolution: entry in the fourth decade, a life extension project which requires safety improvement. The inquiry commission discusses the numerous uncertainties of the industrial project, outlines that the construction of a new fleet requires huge investments, that the future of the nuclear fleet requires a global approach, and that shutting down nuclear plants requires support. The fifth part discusses the correct assessment of the amount of future expenses and how to secure their funding: the main future expenses are those related to installation dismantling and to nuclear wastes. The inquiry commission outlines the uncertainties about this funding. The sixth chapter addresses reprocessing activities, MOX fuel and fourth-generation reactors: choice made by France of the MOX option, research options for fourth-generation reactors. The seventh part addresses the nuclear risks: new tools of crisis management, a compensation system which only partially takes risks into account. The next part addresses the share of nuclear in the French energy mix: national debate on energy transition, characteristics of the main scenarios. The inquiry commission states that a life extension of the nuclear fleet seems necessary to face the increasing demand, but useless in case of a possible demand decrease. The last part addresses issues of commercialization of nuclear electricity in a context of market liberalization

[en] After a presentation of the commission works, this huge report presents and discusses the content and the modifications brought by the Senate to the bill project on energy transition for a green growth. Thus, it addresses the different articles of this bill project: to define common objectives for a successful energy transition, to strengthen France energy independence and economic competitiveness, to preserve health and the environment and to struggle against climatic change; to better renovate buildings to save energy, to reduce bills and to create jobs; to develop clean transports for a better air quality and to protect health; to struggle against spillages and to promote circular economy from product design to recycling; to promote renewable energies to diversify energies and valorise territorial resources; to strengthen nuclear safety and citizen information; to simplify and clarify procedures for better efficiency and competitiveness; to give to citizen, enterprises, territories and State the power to act together. A table gives a comparative vision of the successive versions of the bill project

[en] This report contains the various amendments introduced by the French Senate before the final reading by the French National Assembly of the bill project on energy transition for a green growth. It also reports the discussion of the Commission in charge of the examination of these amendments with, for some of them, a wider discussion about their acceptance or rejection

[en] The first volume of this huge report reports the general discussion and the detailed examination, discussion and modifications of the French bill project on energy transition. The addressed topics are: the definition of common objectives for a successful energy transition, for a strengthening of France energy independence and for the struggle against global warming; a better renovation of buildings to save energy, to reduce prices and to create jobs; the development of clean transports to improve air quality and to protect health; the struggle against wastage and the promotion of circular economy from product design to product recycling; the promotion of renewable energies to diversify our energies and valorise territorial resources; the strengthening of nuclear safety and citizen information; the simplification and clarification of procedures for efficiency and competitiveness gains; the empowerment of citizen, enterprises, territories and State to act together. The second volume proposes a table which gives a comparative overview between the bill project text and the text modified and adopted by the commission. The third volume reports hearings of the minister and of several representatives of professional, public, and consumer organisations and bodies. It also contains the report of an impact study performed on all the different arrangements and measures contained by the bill project

[en] This huge document comprises ten volumes which present and discuss public programs (objectives, strategies, plans, and actions), public finances, economic activity data and evolutions, debates by commissions, and amendments on different issues. A first set of issues deals with ecology, sustainable development and planning: protection of the environment and risk prevention (volume 1), and then with sustainable development policies (vol. 2), landscapes, water, biodiversity, and geographic and cartographic information (vol. 3), ecological transition (vol. 4), road, railway and water transports (vol. 5), air transports (vol. 6), maritime affairs (vol. 7). The next volume addresses regional policies (vol. 8). The last parts concern research and higher education: research in the field of sustainable development (vol. 9) and in the fields of environments and resources (vol. 10)

[en] This parliamentary report proposes a global approach to the development of environmentally friendly individual vehicles (with possible mentions to collective or good transport) according to a global, interdisciplinary and dynamic approach, and by setting technological evolutions within a wider framework including economic, environmental, social and societal impacts. The study is based on the evolutions of needs and behaviour rather than on technical projections. It addresses evolution of engines and of conventional fuels, the impact of new technologies (electric, compressed-air or hydrogen vehicles, composite materials, and digital and information technologies). The first part addresses the evolution of mobility as a key for a change of paradigm: evolution of behaviour, usages, needs, expectations and preferences, variety of mobility needs (related to living and work locations, age, revenues, or living modes). The authors discuss prospective visions of sociologists, architects, town planners, and mobility analysts for a better understanding of these evolutions, but also how new services contribute to the emergence of new mobilities and of a new ecosystem. The second part addresses vehicle evolution as a consequence of mobility evolution: a wider range of technical solutions leading to new design approaches (new propulsion systems, new fuels (hydrogen, LPG, bio-fuels, etc.), hybrid solutions with an increasing market share), vehicle design approach from a global approach to mobility, issue of the ability of the present organisation of the automotive sector to face this evolution of mobility and of the vehicle, and issue of the influence of on-board electronics (benefits and drawbacks). An appendix volume contains reports of public hearings on related issues (mobility needs, technical stakes for tomorrow's mobility, new vehicles and new services, objective of reduction of fuel consumption down to 2 litres per 100 km), and a third volume proposes a synthetic and a Power Point presentation of the study

[en] This draft resolution is based on several problems and issues raised by the construction of the EPR reactor in Flamanville and dealing with the perspectives for this specific sector. The authors outline that the construction may finally take almost twice as long as initially foreseen, that the budget has been multiplied by two and a half, that the safety of this installation is still a matter of questions (notably for the control-command system, for the resistance to a plane crash, and with respect with lessons learned from the Fukushima accident), and that the involved partners (GDF Suez, ENEL, Centrica, Siemens) are becoming always more hesitant. They evoke the problems faced by other EPRs under construction in Finland and in China, and state that export perspectives seem to lead to a failure. The draft resolution proposes the creation of an inquiry commission to examine these issues

[en] After having discussed the motivations of this draft legislation (necessary energy saving, drawbacks of radioactive wastes, climate change and energy crisis), this document presents a set of articles which respectively address the following topics: indication of energy consumptions (including nuclear electricity) submitted to the climate-energy contribution, indication of energetic product dealers who pay this contribution, determination of the contribution by the Parliament, pay-back to households of the contribution paid by households, creation of 'energy transition cheques', information of the consumer on his contribution

[en] This report first evokes two different reports which have been published by different public bodies and outlines that they only partially address nuclear costs. It indicates events and announcements which should result in updating their conclusions. This concerns under-assessed externalities: assessments of the cost of a major accident, insufficiency of the insurance system, a dismantling cost which is uncertain and artificially funded. It also concerns an always more expensive nuclear fleet: availability rates do not comply with profitability requirements, new costs are related to post-Fukushima additional safety assessments. The life extension seems risky, uncertain and costly: a huge update of installations is required even before any extension, the EDF's will to extend the paying off duration is legally weak. The report then outlines the exponential cost of the 'new nuclear' (exploding costs for the Flamanville EPR, same trend at the international level), that the nuclear sector is weakened by its front end as well its back end part (financial conditions of hidden imports are put into question again, a MOX cost without any production profit), and that the operator is himself vulnerable

[en] This document publishes the verbatim of a debate on nuclear safety in the French National Assembly. Interveners who belong to different parties and to different bodies and institutions (notably ASN, IRSN, EDF), of researchers, notably discussed the degradation of nuclear safety in France, the necessary review of the French nuclear safety framework, the implication of the ASN in the debate on energy transition, the nuclear plant lifetime, the present governance of nuclear safety, the ageing issue, the renewal of personnel abilities and qualifications, the issue of subcontracting, the possibility of a nuclear accident in France, the role of the different bodies and institutions, the evolution of the French nuclear fleet. Questions and answers are also reported