[en] We have investigated the possibility of reconstructing the top quark charge through measurement of its decay product charges at the ATLAS detector. Verification of the hypothesis about alternative interpretation of top-quark experimental data has been considered as well. The method of 'semileptonic B-meson decay' was applied for reconstructing the b-jet charge. A statistical significance of more than 5σ can be achieved using this method after analyzing 1 fb^-1 of tt bar - pairs data. The analysis was carried out with HERWIG and PYTHIA generators and using the GEANT4 detector simulation package

[en] The paper contains description of the main properties of the galactic dark matter (DM) particles, available approaches for detection of DM, main features of direct DM detection, ways to estimate prospects for the DM detection, the first collider search for a DM candidate within an Effective Field Theory, complete review of ATLAS results of the DM candidate search with LHC RUN I, and less complete review of “exotic” dark particle searches with other accelerators and not only. From these considerations it follows that one is unable to prove, especially model-independently, a discovery of a DM particle with an accelerator, or collider. One can only obtain evidence on existence of a weakly interacting neutral particle, which could be, or could not be the DM candidate. The current LHC DM search program uses only the missing transverse energy signature. Non-observation of any excess above Standard Model expectations forces the LHC experiments to enter into the same fighting for the best exclusion curve, in which (almost) all direct and indirect DM search experiments permanently take place. But this fighting has very little (almost nothing) to do with a real possibility of discovering a DM particle. The true DM particles possess an exclusive galactic signature—annual modulation of a signal, which is accessible today only for direct DM detection experiments. There is no way for it with a collider, or accelerator. Therefore to prove the DM nature of a collider-discovered candidate one must find the candidate in a direct DM experiment and demonstrate the galactic signature for the candidate. Furthermore, being observed, the DM particle must be implemented into a modern theoretical framework. The best candidate is the supersymmetry, which looks today inevitable for coherent interpretation of all available DM data.

[en] Based on the simulation and R and D results the JINR project - to supplement AMS with a finely granulated scintillator calorimeter (TCAL) - is discussed. The project cost is about 1 million USD. TCAL would essentially increase the AMS potential in the studies of antimatter, matter and missing matter in the experiments in outer space

[en] We have investigated the possibility of reconstructing the top quark charge through measurement of its decay product charges at the ATLAS detector. Verification of the hypothesis about alternative interpretation of top-quark experimental data has been considered as well. The method of “semileptonic B-meson decay” was applied for reconstructing the b-jet charge. A statistical significance of more than 5σ can be achieved using this method after analyzing 1 fb^-1 of the t̄t-pairs data. The analysis was carried out with HERWIG and PYTHIA generators and using the GEANT4 detector simulation software package.

[en] One believes there is huge amount of Dark Matter particles in our Galaxy which manifest themselves only gravitationally. There is a big challange to prove their existence in a laboratory experiment. To this end it is not sufficient to fight only for the best exclusion curve, one has to see an annual recoil spectrum modulation—the only available positive direct dark matter detection signature. A necessity to measure the recoil spectra is stressed.

[en] The year 2016 marks the 60th anniversary of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, an international intergovernmental organization for basic research in the fields of elementary particles, atomic nuclei, and condensed matter. Highly productive advances over this long road clearly show that the international basis and diversity of research guarantees successful development (and maintenance) of fundamental science. This is especially important for experimental research. In this review, the most significant achievements are briefly described with an attempt to look into the future (seven to ten years ahead) and show the role of JINR in solution of highly important problems in elementary particle physics, which is a fundamental field of modern natural sciences. This glimpse of the future is full of justified optimism.

[en] We find the relation of the unintegrated gluon distribution at low intrinsic transverse momenta to the inclusive spectrum of the hadrons produced in pp collision at LHC energies in the mid-rapidity region and low hadron transverse momenta. It allows us to study the saturation of the gluon density at low Q² more carefully and find the saturation scale that does not contradict to both the LHC and HERA data.

[en] The gauge coupling unification can be achieved at a unification scale around 5×10"1"3 GeV if the Standard Model scalar sector is extended with extra Higgs-like doublets. The relevant new scalar degrees of freedom in the form of chiral Z* and W* vector bosons might “be visible” already at about 700 GeV. Their eventual preferred coupling to the heavy quarks explains the non observation of these bosons in the first LHC run and provides promising expectation for the second LHC run.

[en] Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are among the main candidates for the relic dark matter (DM). The idea of the direct DM detection relies on elastic spin-dependent (SD) and spin-independent (SI) interaction of WIMPs with target nuclei. In this review paper the relevant formulae for WIMP event rate calculations are collected. For estimations of the WIMP-proton and WIMP-neutron SD and SI cross sections the effective low-energy minimal supersymmetric standard model is used. The traditional one-coupling-dominance approach for evaluation of the exclusion curves is described. Further, the mixed spin-scalar coupling approach is discussed. It is demonstrated, taking the high-spin ⁷³Ge dark matter experiment HDMS as an example, how one can drastically improve the sensitivity of the exclusion curves within the mixed spin-scalar coupling approach, as well as due to a new procedure of background subtraction from the measured spectrum. A general discussion on the information obtained from exclusion curves is given. The necessity of clear WIMP direct detection signatures for a solution of the dark matter problem, is pointed out.

[en] The current status of neutrino physics is briefly reviewed, the basic properties of the neutrino are discussed, and the most challenging problems in this rapidly developing field are described. Written to mark the anniversary of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, this paper highlights JINR's contributions to the development of neutrino physics and places special emphasis on the prospects of the JINR neutrino program.