[en] After having recalled the necessity to develop a low-carbon economy (according to the Paris COP21), and the results of some scenarios published by the IPCC which outlined the need to develop energy efficiency and energy sobriety, this report more particularly focuses on this last aspect. It first outlines that energy sobriety is the poor but unavoidable cousin of energy transition (developed renewable energies and energy efficiency do not make the consumption decrease). It proposes an overview of the present situation of energy sobriety (in housing, in daily transports, at work, and in daily leisure), of incentive tools, and of the role of local communities. It discusses how to change scale beyond present practices of sobriety: favouring awareness and sober behaviours, favouring education to energy transition, addressing food, material, mobility and technological sobriety. It finally sheds a light on ways to present sobriety

[en] As the interest of electric power self-consumption has become a matter of debate, this study first evokes pioneer experiments, and more precisely describes and discusses individual self-consumption and collective self-consumption (some examples are briefly presented with their main characteristics and features). The authors then propose an overview of the situation of self-consumption in France, its legal and regulatory framework, and its production level evolution. The next part reports an identification of breaks to the development of self-consumption, and desired evolutions by addressing the following aspects: complexity of self-production, favourable context for the implementation of a business model, favourable technical context for individual self-consumption (housing and companies), issues related to collective self-consumption, social-cultural obstacles, necessity to make the regulation evolve, role of local communities (examples are given). Propositions are formulated for these different aspects. The next part discusses the impact on energy transition: impacts on the grid, relationship between self-consumption and energy transition, development of citizen-based energetic communities.