[en] The article describes Permanent Monitoring Station (PMS) network in Poland. The network has been founded as the result of the agreement signed in 1994 between Polish National Atomic Energy Agency and Danish Emergency Management Agency. Objective of the system is to monitor continuously radioactive contamination of the environment. The work shows location of the network nodes in Poland. The software for the remote collection of data and management of station activities is described in details

[en] Full text: These investigations are performed in the frame of Polish environmental monitoring system. The measurements were carried out in 1988-2000 in the network of meteorological stations of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Our measurements are used for the all-country computerised radiological data base and for a set of radiological maps of Poland. The results are presented in form of maps produced in Map Info 5.0 PL system. This system visualises results of the investigations in the measurement and sampling points as circle cartodiagrams or extrapolates results of the point measurements to whole area of Poland. At each of 255 points soil samples are taken every second year from 10 cm thick surface layer to determine concentration of the natural radionuclides and caesium isotopes by means of the gamma spectrometric analysis using HPGe detectors. All results refer to soil samples taken in October 1998. The mean values of concentration of natural radionuclides in soil in Poland are: for ²²⁶Ra-24.1; for ²²⁸Ac - 22.0 and for ⁴⁰K - 403 Bq·kg^-1, i.e. lower than the mean world concentrations of 33, 45 and 420 Bq·kg^-1, respectively. The highest mean concentrations of ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ac occur in the southern parts of Poland, in relation to the geological structure of the country. The mean value of ¹³⁷Cs deposition density in Poland is 3.49 kBq·m^-2, ranging from 0.41 to 34.66 kB m^-2. The activity of ¹³⁴Cs in soil is below low limit detection. The distribution of ¹³⁷Cs was mainly due to the weather conditions - in particular rainfall - in Poland in May 1986, i.e. in the period immediately after the Chernobyl accident. In the same 255 points, measurements of gamma radiation dose were performed. Gamma dose was measured in one-year periods using three thermoluminescent detector sets mounted 1 m above the earth surface. (author)

No abstract available

[en] Short communication. 3 figs, 1 tab

No abstract available

[en] Pyroprocessing technology is being investigated by a number of countries as a promising strategy to the sustainable development of nuclear energy production and management of spent nuclear fuel as one electrochemical recycling process. As one of them, the Republic of Korea (ROK) has been developing technical aspects of pyroprocessing since 1997. To date, the ROK has established three pyroprocessing related facilities at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) site. The IAEA's safeguards system provides the international community with credible assurances regarding a State's fulfilment of its safeguards obligations. Developing safeguards approaches for pyroprocessing facilities in a State is an integrated process consisting of acquisition path analysis (APA), establishment and prioritization of technical objectives (TO) and identification of applicable safeguards measures. This paper presents the basic principles of safeguards implementation at pyroprocessing related facilities in the ROK which takes into account the specific nature of the process and the nuclear materials involved, and it outlines how new monitoring equipment have been tailored for safeguards purposes. The demands for robust safeguards applied to pyro- processing facilities require the IAEA to develop new measures/techniques to complement the more traditional safeguards systems such as containment and surveillance (C/S). As an example, a bus bar system has been designed and developed to support evaluation of the facility operators' declarations by monitoring the electrical current supplied to the electro-reduction and the electro-refining equipment. (author)