[en] This treatise reviews current methodology and theory of radiation measurement and dosimetry and is designed to supplement the three-volume Radiation Dosimetry, Second Edition. To incorporate advances in this changing field, recognized authorities approach the subject with new theoretical insights and applied techniques. The chapters in Volume II include coverage of new detector systems for radiation measurements in neutron and photon fields, as well as techniques for interpreting data; new designs for calorimeters and temperature measurement methods; and new methods for measuring high-intensity pulsed radiation. CONTENTS: Relationship of Microdosimetric Techniques to Applications in Biological Systems; Neutron Spectroscopy; Ionization Chambers; Advances in Calorimetry for Radiation Dosimetry; External Beta-Photon Dosimetry for Radiation Protection; Each chapter includes references. Index

[en] This book presents summaries of the current information on subtopics in dosimetry of ionizing radiation; each accompanied by an extensive reference list

[en] This book discusses the papers on dosimetry of ionizing radiation. The topics covered are: theoretical basis for dosimetry; fundamentals of microdosimetry; dosimetry of external radiation beams of photon and electron radiation; beam characteristics dosimetry of nuclear particles; measurement and dosimetry of radioactivity in the environment; and internal dosimetry for radiation protection

[en] The application of proton beams in radiation therapy and in diagnostic radiology is discussed. The development of techniques and apparatus to produce desired dose distributions is described, including beam broadening, broad beam collimation, range modulation, in-phantom dose measurements, a computer isodose program, treatment planning, and patient positioning apparatus. Initial demonstrations of high-contrast radiography using the proton beam were very encouraging. Human pathology specimens are being investigated to permit the prediction and interpretation of features that will be seen in proton radiography of patients. One patient with carcinoma of the breast was examined with proton radiography, the carcinoma was clearly distinguished from the normal tissues. Technical improvements to increase the range and reduce the dose are being studied

[en] The downtime for four linear accelerators in clinical radiation therapy was studied for about four years. The time lost during patient treatment hours is on the average 3 percent with an in-house technical service group, which invests approximately 1000 man-hours per machine per year in preventive maintenance and repair. The time lost decreases significantly with time after installation. (U.S.)

[en] A pulse counter has been added to the control circuits of a linear accelerator to measure and display the number of radiation-producing pulses per second. This information has proved to be essential in monitoring the performance of the accelerator and in diagnosing the cause of operational problems

[en] Image quality and radiation exposures of a mammographic technique using direct radiographic magnification at 2 X with a microfocal spot x-ray tube and a fast, double screen-film system were compared to those of conventional contact mammography with a rare-earth screen and molybdenum target tube. The results indicate that the magnifiction technique yields improved detection of microcalcifications and comparable visualization of soft-tissue details, with a large reduction in radiation exposure. This technique has demonstrated the feasibility of carrying out high-quality mammography with an entrance dose of 1.35 x 10^-3 Gy (135 mrad) for the average breast

[en] Commercially available thermoluminescent material, CaSO₄:Mn incorporated in Teflon tape, is used in a phosphorescent decay mode to measure beam profiles. The light image resulting from radiation exposure is scanned by a microscope-photomultiplier system having a spatial resolution of 0.25 mm. Several applications to various types of accelerator beams are presented. (auth)

[en] Dose and integral dose from bremsstrahlung in a 10-MeV electron beam were measured for irradiation of large areas with 120⁰ -arc rotational fields. The maximum bremsstrahlung dose ranged from 2 to 7% of the maximum electron dose for the different beam arrangements, while the integral dose showed the same range of variation. The concomitant bremsstrahlung beam should be collimated by the x-ray photon collimators and the use of narrow field rotations avoided

[en] The purpose of this note is to provide a mathematical appendix to program IRREG, an algorithm produced by Cunningham et al (1972), as an adaptation of an earlier scatter summation technique for calculating scatter dose at an arbitary point in an external photon beam of irregularly shaped cross section. The discussion demonstrates that the scatter dose due to an irregular field may be written as either an integration over the area of the field, or as an integration around the perimeter of the field. (U.K.)