[en] The event-by-event fluctuations of the ratio of positively to negatively charged hadrons are predicted within the UrQMD model. Corrections for finite acceptance and finite net charge are derived. These corrections are relevant to compare experimental data and transport model results to previous predictions. The calculated fluctuations at RHIC and SPS energies are shown to be compatible with a hadron gas, thus, deviating by a factor of 3 from the predictions for a thermalized quark-gluon plasma

[en] The event by event fluctuations of the ratio of positively to negatively charged hadrons are predicted within the UrQMD model. Corrections for finite acceptance and finite net charge are derived. These corrections are relevant to compare experimental data and transport model results to previous predictions. The calculated fluctuations at RHIC and SPS energies are shown to be compatible with a hadron gas. Thus, deviating by a factor of 3 from the predictions for a thermalized quark-gluon plasma

[en] We discuss the physics underlying event-by-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We will emphasize how the fluctuations of particle ratios can be utilized to explore the properties of the matter created in these collisions. In particular, we will argue that the fluctuations of the ratio of positively over negatively charged particles may serve as a unique signature for the Quark Gluon Plasma

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[en] The production of strange pentaquark states (e.g., Theta baryons and Ξ^-- states) in hadronic interactions within a Gribov-Regge approach is explored. In this approach the Θ⁺(1540) and the Ξ are produced by disintegration of remnants formed by the exchange of pomerons between the two protons. We predict the rapidity and transverse momentum distributions as well as the 4π multiplicity of the Θ⁺, Ξ^--, Ξ^-, Ξ⁰ and Ξ⁺ for √s=17 GeV (SPS) and 200 GeV (RHIC). For both energies more than 10^-3 Θ⁺ and more than 10^-5 Ξ per pp event should be observed by the present experiments

[en] The factorial moments of the pion multiplicity distributions are calculated with HIJING and UrQMD and found to be independent of the p_T range included, in contrast to recent simulations with the linear σ model which leads to large enhancements for pions with transverse kinetic energies below 200 MeV. This supports the use of the ratio of the factorial moments of low and high p_T pions as a signal of ''new'' physics at low momentum scales, such as the formation of disoriented chiral condensates

[en] Modifications of the gyromagnetic moment of electrons and muons due to a minimal length scale combined with a modified fundamental scale M_f are explored. First-order deviations from the theoretical SM value for g-2 due to these string theory-motivated effects are derived. Constraints for the fundamental scale M_f are given

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[en] String theory suggests the existence of a minimum length scale. An exciting quantum mechanical implication of this feature is a modification of the uncertainty principle. In contrast to the conventional approach, this generalised uncertainty principle does not allow to resolve space-time distances below the Planck length. In models with extra dimensions, which are also motivated by string theory, the Planck scale can be lowered to values accessible by ultra high energetic cosmic rays (UHECRs) and by future colliders, i.e., M_f∼ 1 TeV. It is demonstrated that in this novel scenario, short distance physics below 1/M_f is completely cloaked by the uncertainty principle. Therefore, Planckian effects could be the final physics discovery at future colliders and in UHECRs. As an application, we predict the modifications to the e⁺e^-→f⁺f^- cross-sections