[en] The conceptualisation of a groundwater system involves continuous monitoring and evaluation of a large number of parameters. All these datasets collected and generated to perform a groundwater conceptual model are often stored in different scales and formats (e.g., maps, spreadsheets or databases) from different entities. This continuous growing volume of data entails further improving on how it is stored. One of the pillars of effective data governance is data management. Data management is successful when data are: harmonised collected, structured stored, error checked, available, understandable and reusable ensuring maintenance of the data model. There are several developments to stewardship information and they can be implemented in industry, government and academia reducing times and resources to perform environmental analyses. These kinds of data infrastructures and their governance are becoming more mature worldwide because of their importance in ensuring sustainable resources. Data infrastructures, such as spatial data infrastructures, and their governance are continuously being used and developed because of their impact on groundwater management. In addition, these kinds of data infrastructures currently require information communication technology (ICT) tools for improving geodata governance by delivering quality information to users and helping them perform further analyses on a unique platform. To implement these data infrastructures or to connect it to ICT tools is essential an optimal data migration and integration (DMI). DMI also is useful for decision-making with clean highquality data, which produces a more confident and stringent groundwater governance. To ensure an optimal DMI, it is valuable to provide frameworks with which to assist and facilitate processes to connect and transform multiple systems from different sources and formats to the required destination formats of new systems. facilitation of how the connections among system structures and the organisation of a DMI model in terms of its application and maintenance should be as intuitive as possible. We present a methodology to facilitate and optimise DMI to improve data governance. The implementation of this DMI methodology facilitates merging multiple sources of information, installing new systems to exploit stored information while using the original systems of information storage, and upgrading databases, formats or standards that may not be supported in the future to one that is supported or most appropriate, among other processes. The outcomes of its application by the Barcelona City Council (Spain) are used to optimise the groundwater management in the city. DMI models performed in this application can be easily adapted to other external datasets, increasing the volume of quality data to improve the understanding of the groundwater system behaviour and the monitoring network in the city. The proposed methodology can be widely implemented in any kind of DMI project to develop data infrastructures or to implement ICT tools for further analyses.

[en] The following paper introduces a new unit composed of high-grade metamorphic rocks in the northern part of the Colombian Andes: the Pantanillo Granulite. The unit is exposed near Santa Fe de Antioquia (Antioquia Province), where the Cauca River Valley divides the Western and Central Cordilleras. The granulites are exposed in the western side of the Cauca-Almaguer Fault, which is the westernmost fault of the Cauca-Romeral system. This fault represents the main boundary between continental and oceanic lithospheres in the Colombian Andes. The chief mineral parageneses determined in these rocks are Pl + Amp (hbl?) + Ol + Opx + Spl (hercynite) + opaques, Pl + Cpx + Opx, and Pl + Qtz + Opx + Cpx. These mineral associations are indicative of high-grade, granulite-facies conditions at relatively low P. The chemical composition of Pantanillo Granulite ranges between high-Mg tholeiitic basalt and komatiitic basalt. Trace-element diagrams are flat, similar to N-MORB, but somewhat depleted, a feature indicative of a plutonic protolith, although a volcanic one cannot be precluded. Tectonic discrimination diagrams based on trace elements suggest the granulite's protolith may have been formed in a tholeiitic arc. Whole-rock 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Pantanillo Granulite yielded 216.2 + -14.2 Ma and K/Ar dating of amphibole yielded 360.7 + -12.4 Ma. However, the very low content of potassium in these samples renders the ages practically useless. The possibility of excess argon in the samples is quite probable, so the geological meaning of the dating is uncertain at the moment Granulite,

[en] Full text: Copolymers of butadiene (BD) and acrylonitrile (AN) (NBR rubber), have become important commercial material. NBR rubbers are part of a larger classification of products often referred to as special-purpose rubbers. Oil resistance is the most important property of nitrile rubbers, and refer to the ability of the vulcanised product to retain its original physical properties such as modulus, tensile strength, abrasion resistance and dimensions, while in contact with oils and fuels. Despite these reported advantages very few studies have been conducted on the radiation yields and structural changes in nitrile rubbers during exposure to high energy radiation. In this study we are investigating the stability against gamma and UV radiation, to different doses in vacuum, of butadiene, acrylonitrile and NBR copolymers with different composition ratio BD/AN. The mechanism of radiation induced structural changes is being investigated using experimental techniques such as ESR, NMR (Solid-state), FT-IR, RAMAN and UV spectroscopy. Also is being investigated the effect of irradiation on the mechanical properties of stressed and unstressed samples by TGA, DSC, DMA, Instron and Creep Test measurements. So far the main effect have been a marked radiation-induced loss of unsaturation in the butadiene units, cis to trans isomerization and formation of crosslink structures (intermolecular and intramolecular). One of the main challenges in the studies of NBR polymers is to observe directly the crosslinks produces by the radiation induced chemical reactions. IR spectroscopy is unsuitable because of the low molar absorbity of the peaks related to intermolecular crosslinking and the overlapping of the peaks (1630-1670 cm-1) related to intramolecular crosslinking (cyclization), with conjugated and nonconjugated (-C=C-; -C=N-) double bonds. A. K. Whittaker has shown that crosslink structures in PBD can be detected and measured directly using solid-state ¹³C NMR. This technique, and others, will allow us to detect and quantify the radiation induced chemical effects in nitrile rubber

[en] A 2/5 scale model with a transparent plastic sheet was built based on Froude criterion in which eight cases were studied by PIV technique, maintaining a constant gas flow rate of 596 ml/min and only varying the gas curtain position. The results permitted to get Residence Time Distribution (RTD) curves, and from the data processing it was found that combining Turbulence Inhibitor (TI) with the adequate gas curtain position it is enhanced the plug volume. The case VII presented the best results increasing the plug volume in 131.85% in comparison with the case IV which was taken as the reference one. (Author) 10 refs

[en] Anionic exchange resins were research with respect its capacity for removal arsenic content in water. Water of well V from Zimapan Hidalgo Mexico was used to make this research, because this water have a mean concentration of 480±11μg-L''-1 of arsenic and it is available as drinking water. The exchange resins employed were two strong anionic, one macroreticular (IRA-900) and other gel type (IRA-400), as soon as one third anionic weak macroreticular type (IRA-96). The experiments carried with this resins showing that IRA-900 has highest efficient in the process of arsenic removal from drinking water, because, it showed a treatment capacity of 700 V_agua. V_res''-1; while that capacities of IRA-400 e IRA-96 resins were 320 and 52 V_agua .V_res''-1 respectively. The mean concentration of arsenic residue in the treatise water was 24 μg.l''-1 and it is within the maximum level permissible by Mexican official norm for drinking water. (Author) 12 refs

[en] A non-destructive testing method on Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) after high velocity impact event using single stage gas gun (SSGG) is presented. Specimens of C- type and E-type fibreglass reinforcement, which were fabricated with 6mm, 8mm, 10mm and 12mm thicknesses and size 100 mm x 100 mm, were subjected to a high velocity impact with three types of bullets: conical, hemispherical and blunt at various gas gun pressure levels from 6 bar to 60 bar. Visual observation techniques using a lab microscope were used to determine the infringed damage by looking at the crack zone. Dye penetrants were used to inspect the area of damage, and to evaluate internal and external damages on the specimens after impact. The results from visual analysis of the impacted test laminates were discussed and presented. It was found that the impact damage started with induced delamination, fibre cracking and then failure, simultaneously with matrix cracking and breakage, and finally followed by the fibres pulled out. C-type experienced more damaged areas compared to E-type of GFRP. (paper)

[en] Full text: A study has been made of the radiation grafting of polystyrene (PSTY) onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene perfluoropropylvinylether) (PFA) substrates, using the simultaneous radiation method. Two PFA polymers of different comonomer (PPVE) content and degree of crystallinity were used. Effects of grafting conditions such as monomer concentrations, type of solvent, dose rate, radiation dose and radiation atmosphere on the grafting yield were investigated. Of the six different solvents used the best three in terms of increasing grafting yield were methanol, benzene and dichloromethane, respectively. The grafting yield increased with monomer concentration until it reached its highest value at a styrene concentration of 60 % (v/v) in dichloromethane for the PFA substrate with higher PPVE content and 70% concentration for the polymer with lower PPVE content. The degree of grafting increased with the increase in irradiation dose up to 500 kGy, stabilizing above this dose. However, the grafting yield decreased with increase in the dose rate. The grafting of PSTY into the PFA substrates was confirmed by Micro-ATR and Micro-Raman and the amount of grafted PSTY into the substrates was measured and evaluated in terms of the solvent and applied dose. The increase in the overall grafting yield was accompanied with a proportional increase in the amount and deep penetration of the grafting into the substrates

[en] Full text: Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is well known for being inert towards heat, solvents and harsh chemicals. However, in contrast, PTFE is extremely sensitive to radiation suffering from a dramatic decrease in mechanical strength even when exposed to low doses. In this study we have used a copolymer of PTFE, poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoropropylvinyl ether) (PFA). The effect of the ether comonomer is to render the polymer melt processable, lower the crystallinity and increase the radical yield when compared with PTFE. When grafting styrene to PFA using a radiation initiated process, the resulting polymer has the desirable chemical and thermal resistance of the PFA substrate combined with the functionality of the styrene, however, due to the incidental degradative effect of radiation on the PFA substrate it is important to find conditions where the best graft is achieved without exposing the substrate to extraneous levels of radiation. We have successfully grafted styrene to PFA by simultaneously exposing PFA to styrene vapour and gamma radiation. This process was found to be independent of dose rate at low dose rates suggesting a diffusion controlled mechanism. The penetration of the graft into the PFA substrate was measured by mapping a cross-section using micro-probe Raman spectroscopy

[en] In this work, a new composite plate with natural jute fibre as the reinforcement fibres and isophthalic polyester as the resin was manufactured and subjected to a series of end milling operation by changing three input factors namely speed, feed rate and depth of cut. During each operation, the output responses namely thrust force and torque were measured. The responses were analyzed using Taguchi method to examine the relation between the input factors and output responses, and also to know the most influencing factors on the responses. The data was also analyzed using fuzzy rule model for prediction of responses for a range of input factors. The results showed that all three factors chosen have significant effect on the responses. The fuzzy model data in comparison with the experimental values shows only a marginal error and hence the prediction was highly satisfactory. (paper)

[en] In this work, the redmud reinforced polypropylene composites were fabricated by compression molding setup. The effects of the redmud content on the mechanical, melting and crystalline behavior of the composites was investigated. The melting and crystalline behavior of the composites were investigated using Digital Scanning Calorimeter. The test results show that hardness of the composites increases with increasing redmud content while incorporation of redmud content decreases tensile and impact strength of the composites. It is determined that the addition of redmud on the polypropylene does not affect the crystalline behavior of the composites. (paper)