[en] Results of laboratory investigation of adsorption of radiotracers in several soil materials are presented. Compounds were chosen which are applied in hydrogeology for tracer determination of underground water flow parameters. Adsorption values were measured as functions of the following parameters: solution concentration, adsorption duration, concentration of hydrogen ions and ion strength of the solution. The most interesting results are: a linear dependence of adsorption on the solution concentration (observed in a wide range of concentrations), and an extended period (several tens of minutes) necessary for the adsorption system to achieve a state approaching dynamic equilibrium. (author)

[en] The studies covered the following problems: an influence of some environmental agents on the mutagenic effectiveness of ionizing radiation, interaction between ionizing radiation and chemical mutagens in the induction of somatic mutations and also an application of Tradescantia model system for biological monitoring. The studies showed that the pretreatment of Tradescantia plants with sodium fluoride or the modification of the soil composition with dolomite admixture, visibly influences plants radiosensitivity. The analysis of the changes in the dose-response curves suggested that the employed agents were influencing in different ways the repair processes of the DNA. The studies on the interaction between agents proved that the synergistic effect occurs in case of combined action of ionizing radiation with such chemical mutagens as ethyl methansulfonate or 1,2 dibromomethane. It was also discovered that in the range of low doses the effect was proportional to radiation dose and total exposition to chemical mutagen. The field application of Tradescantia method defined the mutagenicity of air pollution in the Cracow area. The highest frequencies of mutations were detected after the Chernobyl accident and after the damage of the filters in the Pharmaceutical Plant. The applied method was evaluated in respect of its usefulness for biological monitoring of environmental pollution. 163 refs. (author)

[en] The application of the plant model system for studying the biological effects of ionizing radiation and chemical mutagens is presented. The model system is based on the somatic mutation frequency in stamen hair cells of Tradescantia clones heterosygous for flower color. The interaction of chemical mutagens with radiation in the induction of somatic mutations was investigated. The results demonstrate the synergistic interaction between radiation and chemical mutagens like ethyl methanesulfonate and di-bromoethane. The synergistic effect is clearly manifested after combined treatment with radiation and chemicals. In the low dose region the effect depends on the radiation dose and chemical exposure. Other results show the influence of the fluoride treatment on the radiation effect. The fluoride treatment is likely to alter the DNA double strand breaks repair processes. Additionally the usefulness of the model system for studying the mutagenic effectiveness of the pollution in the ambient air is presented. 148 refs. (author)

[en] Author compared cytogenetic effects of chemicals (benzene and the member at benzene related compounds) and ionizing radiation on the human lymphocytes. Levels of various types of cytogenetic damage observed among people from petroleum plants workers groups are similar to the levels of damages detected in the blood of people suspected of the accidental exposure to a radiation source

[en] Short communication

[en] Basing on the examples from studies on the effect of ionizing radiation and ethylmethylsulphonate (EMS), 1.2-Dibromoethane (DBE) or NaF on the somatic mutation frequencies in Tradescantia different patterns of the interaction between chemical mutagens and ionizing radiation in inducing somatic mutations were shown. In the case of EMS or DBE and radiation a synergistic interaction was demonstrated. In the case of fluoride its influence on the DNA repair processes might be involved in the effects observed. All results are in good agreement with the predictions made by Chadwick and Leenhouts. 10 refs., 9 figs. (author)

[en] Short communication. 3 figs, 1 tab

[en] The activities of the Department of Radiation and Environmental Biology in 1994 cover the following goals: application of fission neutrons to cancer therapy, studies on neutron efficiency to induce mutation and chromosomal damage, study on the formula for alteration of the repair process observed in case of gene mutation in TSH assay, investigation of new methods for more accurate measurements of molecular and cellular damage caused by radiation and environmental agents and studies on possible improvement in the application of different radiation sources to clinical cancer therapy. In this section of the Annual Report, the description of the mentioned activities as well as the information about personnel employed in the Department, papers and reports published in 1994, contribution to conferences and grants are also given

[en] Tradescantia was first treated by plants protection agents such as: Ambusz, Afalton, Ripcord, Decis, deltametryne and after that irradiated with X radiation. The synergism of both factors was observed. The mutation frequency dependence on radiation doses was studied. 7 figs., 4 refs. (A.S.)

[en] Groups of plants of Tradescantia clone 4430 have been exposed three times since 1983 to ambient air at various sites of the Cracow area. The highest value of mutation frequency was noted in May 1986, after the Chernobyl accident. A slightly lower, but comparable level of mutation frequency, was reached in 1983 in the vicinity of a pharmaceutical factory. In various periods of 1987, temporary differences between the levels of mutations were observed at various sites in Cracow. Also, a significant decrease was noted in the mean mutation level in comparison with the levels observed in 1983 and 1986. 17 refs., 6 figs., 3 tabs. (author)