[en] The data on cosmic ray intensity measurements in the stratosphere from 1957 to 1980 are given. The analysis of these data and data of neutron monitors and ionization chambers shows the existence of 22-year periodicity associated with the corresponding cycle of the solar magnetic field change

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[en] The presented results are based on the data of more than 25,000 measurements of cosmic rays from balloons taken from 1957 to 1973. Treatment of this experimental material is indicative of the existence of new quasicyclic variations in cosmic ray intensity with periods of about 2 and 4 years, which can be observed mainly in the lower atmosphere. (orig./WBU)

[en] The ionizing and X-ray radiation measurements have been performed at sea level from latitude 60⁰ north to 70⁰ south using a large group of the thin-walled Geiger counters and a scintillation counter. The latitude effect of cosmic rays in the path from Leningrad to the equator is 12%, according to the vertical counter telescope with the 7 mm A1 filter, and approximately 10% according to the Geiger counter. The latitude effect for the X-ray radiation with Esub(γ) > 50 keV is 3%

[en] The study of the results of CR sound measurements in the atmosphere indicates that, apart from CR variations due to changes in the level of solar activity (SA), such as 11-year, 27-day and Forbush decreases, there are large-scale CR variations due to variations in the total magnetic field of the Sun (TMFS). At present, three kinds of variations associated with TMFS can be mentioned: 1. Variations associated with the TMFS inversion, which manifest themselves practically in the same CR energy region as the 11-year variations. 2. Variations due to the appearance in the stratosphere of short-range particles in the periods of increasing TMFS. 3. Zonal CR modulation, which manifests itself in the primary-particle energy region from 5 to 20 GeV and which is largely due to changes in TMFS in the periphery of the heliomagnetosphere

[en] Experimental data on the time dependence of primary cosmic ray intensity, N(t), in the space of the Earth's vicinities since 1958 are presented. The empirically found relation to the II-year solar cycle, J = J₀ exp (-Aetasup(0.8)phisup(-1.2)) where eta is the sunspot group number phi is the mean heliographic latitude of spots, is discussed. (orig./WBU)