[en] Tune modulation effect on nonlinear beam dynamics is studied. Different tune modulation conditions will lead to different motion properties. Boundaries on modulation condition are found to distinguish qualitatively different motions. The motion in resonance island with tune modulation is modeled by a driven pendulum. Its nonlinear property is analyzed, and investigated by simulation. Experiments have been done to observe the phenomena predicted by the theory. Many interesting results provide evidence for it. 12 refs., 39 figs., 4 tabs

[en] The dynamic behavior of the beam-beam interaction with a small crossing angle (∼10 mrad) with and without compensation is studied. The major synchro-betatron resonance family excited by the beam-beam interaction with small crossing angle is discovered to be 5Q_x ± Q_g = integer. The conclusion is based on a good agreement of theoretical analysis, simulations and experiment on CESR. Several crabbing compensation schemes are analyzed. The linear synchrobetatron coupling generated by the crabbing systems and errors are calculated and compared with the current CESR operating situation. The effectiveness of the crabbing schemes in compensating the crossing angle collision effect is also analyzed. Analysis methods and formulas are developed to understand non-linear resonance and linear synchrobetatron coupling. The experiment measurements provide great support to the theory and conclusions

[en] Highlights: • The influence of emotions on the public goods game can not be ignored. • Individuals’ emotions will be influenced by list and lobbyists’ words when making decisions. • Unless the synergy factor is larger than a certain value, it is necessary to encourage more people to act as lobbyists. • Whether and how to publish the list depend on the situation. - Abstract: The pursuit of high cooperation rates in public goods games has attracted many researchers. However, few researchers attach much weight to the influence of emotions on decision-making, especially on public goods games. From ancient to modern times, publishing the list of cooperators to stimulate cooperation has been a common phenomenon in some southern rural areas in China. Actually, the published list can influence individuals’ behaviors by affecting their emotions. Here we extend the method of publishing the list and optimize it by adding a lobbyist mechanism. Through numerical simulations, we find that the role of lobbyists can not be ignored unless the synergy factor is larger than a certain value. Additionally, we find that publishing the list certainly has a great effect on individual’s cooperative behavior. But whether to publish the list or not and how to publish the list depend on the situation.

[en] This paper focuses on the adjustment of preventive maintenance during refueling after the refueling cycle augment. The method and process of confirming the adjustment of preventive maintenance cycle for Nuclear Power Plant is introduced and expounded. (authors)

[en] Epilepsy is a chronic paroxysmal neurological disorder that caused by abnormal discharge of neurons. Because of its repetitive seizures, complex and various clinical manifestation, the structure and function of the brain both have been severely damaged. In recent years, with the rapid development of functional imaging technology, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used in the evaluation of epilepsy. Particularly the resting-state fMRI alone or combining with EEG plays an important role in revealing the characteristics of the changes in complex network, structure network and functional network. It helps us to understand deeply about the pathogenesis of epilepsy. (authors)

[en] Objective: To investigate the clinico-radiological features and treatment of intracranial cavernous angiomas. Methods: The clinical and radiological data of 52 patients who confirmed with pathology or follow-up were analyzed retrospectively. The CT, MRI features and the management of cavernous angiomas were evaluated emphatically. Results: Among 52 cases, 48 cases had single lesion and 4 had multiple lesions, totally 63 lesions. There were 54 intracerebral cavernous angiomas and 9 extracerebral cavernous angiomas. Intracerebral cavernous angiomas occurred mostly in supratentorial brain parenchyma, especially in frontal and temporal lobes (38/54, 70.37%). Cavernomas usually manifested as high density and well-defined lesions, sometimes with calcifications on CT. There was no mass effect on adjacent structures. The MRI features were complex and changeable. According to the classification, type II was the most common category (32/54, 59.26%). Both T₁ and T₂-weighted images showed heterogenous signal intense and presented as 'mulberry' or 'popcorn'. A hypointense rim in the surrounding brain parechyma is another feature of cavernous angiomas (46/54, 85.18%). On contrast-enhanced MRI, cavernomas performed as minimal enhancement (59.26%) or non-enhancement (40.74%). Extracerebral cavernous angiomas often occurred in cavernous sinus, and were characterized by high signal intensity on T₂WI and significantly enhancement with mass effect. 39 cases underwent surgery (39/52, 75%), 5 cases underwent γ knife radiosurgery (5/52, 9.62%) and 8 cases chose conservative treatment (8/52, 15.38%). After surgery, there were hemorrhage in 4 cases and neurological impairment in 3 cases. Conclusion: The CT and MRI features of intracranial cavernous angiomas have a high value in the diagnosis and could provide some guidance on the treatment Surgery was the main choice for most cavernomas, conservative treatment or radiosurgery could become another alternative to surgery. (authors)

[en] Promoting cooperation in public goods games is a long-standing problem in multiple branches of science. Reward is an effective means of promoting cooperation, but can be costly if distributed on a large scale or over long periods of time. Avoiding excessive costs is naturally of critical concern. We introduce group rewarding into public goods games and explore the impacts of such rewarding on cooperation. Cooperators are rewarded in small groups based on the number of members of cooperative groups and those members’ contributions. We consider a control parameter whose adjustments lead to more cooperation while cutting costs. Simulations performed on square lattice show that group rewarding can cost-effectively lead to higher contributions to the public good. Depending on returns from the public good, which are determined by the value of the synergy factor, rewards can be kept manageable while still promoting cooperation. By running simulations on large lattices, we reveal that our approach is cost-effective even in cases of large populations. (paper)

[en] Objective: To study the optimal radiographic conditions for patients with knee arthroplasty (TKA) and the feasibility of clinical application. Methods: According to the different exposure modes, including automatic exposure control(AEC) or manual exposure mode (FIXED), the human body specimen was exposed at a certain kV and different mA or mAs. The entrance surface dose (ESD) and dose exposure index(DEI) were recorded, and the subjective image quality was assessed. The test group with optimum parameters obtained with statistical analysis were compared with control group in radiation dose and subjective evaluation. Results: In AEC group, ESD and kV showed a negative correlation (r = -0.973, P < 0.05). At the same mA, DEI was firstly decreased and then increased with kV increasing. The subjective image quality score was(1.96 ± 0.56). DEI and physician ratings showed negative correlation (r = -0.840, P < 0.05). In FIXED group, ESD increased with the increasing mAs (r = 0.845, P < 0.05). DEI and kV,mAs indicated a positive correlation (r = 0.845, P < 0.05). The subjective image quality scores was (4.33 ± 0.79) without correlation with DEI. Compared with the control group, the subjective image quality scores of test group increased, and the radiation dose decreased significantly. Conclusion: It is optimal using manual exposure mode with 80 kV/1.25-1 mAs, 75 kV/2-1 mAs, 70 kV/2.5-1.25 mAs, 65 kV/3.2-1.6 mAs and 60 kV/3.2-2 mAs for patients with TKA. (authors)

[en] An internal-monitor method has been applied for the determination of the trace amounts of arsenic in germanium with neutron activation analysis when radioarsenic is chemically separated from the irradiated germanium. The irradiation was performed in the open-pool reactor at Tsing Hua University at a neutron flux of 2x10¹²n cm^-2s^-1 for 30 hrs. The γ-ray spectrum of ⁷⁷As measured with high resolution Ge(Li) detector is used as an internal monitor formed by the β-decay of ⁷⁷Ge. A series of mixture samples of arsenic and germanium with known weight ratio were prepared to check the accuracy of the method. Good proportionality was obtained between the ratios of activaties and concentrations. By using this relationship, arsenic analysis can easily be carried out. The detection limit of arsenic in germanium is 2x10^-3ng with a relative error of +-2.0%. (T.I.)

[en] This paper presents a new model to study the static performances of a GaN metal epitaxial-semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) based on the metal–semiconductor interface state of the Schottky junction. The I–V performances of MESFET under different channel lengths and different operating systems (pinch-off or not) have been achieved by our model, which strictly depended on the electrical parameters, such as the drain-gate capacity C _gd, the source–gate capacity C _gs, the transconductance, and the conductance. To determine the accuracy of our model, root-mean-square (RMS) errors were calculated. In the experiment, the experimental data agree with our model. Also, the minimum value of the electrical parameter has been calculated to get the maximum cut-off frequency for the GaN MESFET. (paper)