[en] Nuclear energy is a new type of energy that is efficient, clean and safe compared to other conventional energy sources. However, there are certain potential risks in its development and utilization of nuclear energy. With the extensive use of nuclear energy, nuclear safety has also received more and more attention. Public acceptance is one of the basic conditions for the sustainable and stable development of nuclear energy. From the perspectives of psychology, sociology and communication, the article analyzes the public perception on the risk of nuclear energy, as well as problems and challenges in risk perception, and provides suggestions for improving public acceptance of nuclear energy. (authors)

[en] In order to effectively reduce the installation dose, a new temporary shielding device that can be installed at a long distance has been developed. The shielding device uses flow-type granular tungsten particles or lead particles as the main shielding material, air as the transport medium, and the high-pressure airborne device as the main power system to realize the long-distance transport and filling of the shielding material particles. The shielding device can provide a reference for improving the level of radiation protection in the field. (authors)

[en] The radiation shielding calculation is the core content in the design of nuclear engineering. MCNP is the most widely used shielding calculation code. But it has some difficulties when dealing with deep penetration shielding calculation. For solving this problem, a series of variance reduction techniques in MCNP are experimented and a new thought based on variance reduction technique for deep penetration shielding calculation is introduced. (authors)

[en] A portable powered air supply unit is designed, which can directly filter and purify the on-site air for the wearer to breathe. The air supply unit adopts miniaturized and compact design, with a volume of 190 mm × 170 mm × 66 mm and a weight of 1.6 kg. The micro fan is customized, which can meet the air volume of 25 ∼ 35m³/h and the wind pressure of about 800 ∼ 1000 Pa on normal working conditions. The temperature and air rate feedback control function of the air supply unit is designed. Based on the real-time temperature and flow rate monitoring module connected with the temperature sensor and the optocoupler sensor, PID algorithm is used to process the feedback signal and output PWM pulse to control the air rate of the fan in a specific mode. (authors)

[en] Ionization chamber is still being widely used in radiation monitoring because of its simple structure and convenience. Used in X or gamma ray monitoring, the energy response of the chamber needs intense investigation and proper compensation filters must be designed in order to achieve a constant sensitivity which is independent of the energy of the incident X or gamma ray among a specified error range. The Monte-Carlo method is used to calculate the sensitivity and energy response characteristics of cylindrical ionization chamber to X or gamma ray. According to the results of simulation, the energy compensation of chamber is studied and the optimized compensation parameters are given. (authors)

[en] Silicon PIN diodes have been widely used as personal and areal dosimeters because of their small volume, simplicity and real-time operation. However, because silicon is neither a tissue-equivalent nor an air-equivalent material, an intrinsic disadvantage for silicon dosimeters is that a significant over-response occurs at low-energy region, especially below 200 keV. Using a energy compensation filter to flatten the energy response is one method overcoming this disadvantage. But for dose compensation method, the estimated dose depends only on the number of the detector pulses. So a weight function method was introduced to evaluate gamma dose, which depends on pulse number as well as its amplitude. (authors)

[en] Up to now, more than 30 kinds of robots were used in Unit 1/2/3 of Fukushima Daiichi NPP for aerial survey of the reactor building exterior, decontamination of work area and walkway, investigation of water leakage from primary containment vessel, the reactor building interior and the primary containment vessel interior. Eight of these robots broke down during operation mainly because of radiation damage and blocking of obstacles. The good practice and lessons learned from the deployment of robots in Fukushima NPP are worth for reference in the R and D and practical application of nuclear robot. Nuclear robot should be paid more attention and be developed in serialarity. Except for the high radiation field above dozens of Gy/h, the space accessibility and control performance, not the radiation tolerance, are usually the decisive factors to the practical application of nuclear robot. When used in the radiation field below 10 Gy/h, cumulative dose management and exchange of core components are effective countermeasures to make up for the shortage of radiation tolerance design for general robots. (authors)

[en] This paper introduces the application status and perspective of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) in dose measurement. SiPM is a novel device developed in recent years, with its drawbacks of high dark rate (0.1 ∼ 10 MHz/mm in room temperature), sensitivity to temperature, limited dynamic range (only 2 ∼ 3 orders of magnitude), and so on. SiPM is suitable for replacement of traditional photomultiplier tube in development of portable dosimeters because of its small size, low operating voltage, insensitivity to magnetic field and high gain. At present, the drawbacks of high dark rate and sensitivity to temperature can be reduced effectively, by using amplitude discrimination and real-time compensation of temperature drift instability respectively. Although the methods of coincidence measurement and combined detector are used to widen the measurement range, it is still the main limitation of SiPM in dose measurement. (authors)

[en] This paper introduces the radiation tolerance design and testing results of a tele-controlled radiation detection robot, which can be used in intense radiation environment. Based on the analysis of the damages induced by radiation on the robot's components, such as metal, organic materials, optical materials, electronic devices, the radiation tolerance of robot is enhanced by optimizing design of control circuit fabricated with small-scale integration chips and partial shielding of key circuit. The radiation tolerance test in cobalt irradiation facility shows that this robot can be used in radiation field of 100 Gy/h at least and withstand a cumulative dose of 3000 Gy at a rough estimate. (authors)

[en] [Background] The radiation effects of semiconductor devices include single event upset effect, total ionizing dose effect and dose rate effect. The total ionizing dose effect on electronic systems becomes a priority for the improvement of reliability of radiation-tolerance robots. [Purpose] This study aims to measure the irradiation damage dose of STM32 microcontroller unit fabricated by 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology with on-line and off-line experimental testing approaches. [Methods] A test system which consisted of minimum circuits, dosimeter, communication circuit and host computer was developed. On-line and off-line irradiation experiments were performed on 89 samples using ⁶⁰Co source with different dose rates. Among these samples, 14 samples were on-line irradiated under 63.3 Gy(Si) · h^-1 and 101.2 Gy(Si) · h^-1 dose rates whilst 75 samples were off-line irradiated under dose rates range of 227.2 Gy(Si) · h^-1 to 855.0 Gy(Si) · h^-1. [Results] The irradiation damage dose are (235.4 ± 16.4) Gy(Si) and (197.4 ± 13.0) Gy(Si), respectively, corresponding to the on-line testing with 63.3 Gy(Si) · h^-1 and 101.2 Gy(Si) · h^-1 dose rates. The irradiation damage dose of off-line testing is between 391.5 Gy(Si) and 497.6 Gy(Si). [Conclusions] On chip flash memory is the first damaged hardware unit in STM32 microprocessor, and the tolerant dose limit of off-line test is significantly higher than that of on-line test. (authors)