[en] Congenital cystic adnomatoid malformation (CCAM) is rare pulmonary cystic disease. CCAM has been detected on prematurity, stillborn and respiratory distress infant or child by chest X-ray film and CT scan. One case of CCAM diagnosed in utero at gestational age 22 weeks is reported with sonographic findings and autopsy findings. Ultrasonographic findings are large cystic lesion in fetal thorax and fetal hydrops without hydramnios. The survival of these infants is very poor despite accurate prenatal diagnosis and maximal postnatal care

[en] Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy for the low-grade astrocytomas and confirm the variables influencing treatment results. Materials and methods: Forty-six patients with low-grade astrocytoma received radiotherapy after surgical removal (36 patients) or biopsy (10 patients) from 1979 to 1990. Twenty patients had grade I histology and 26 had grade II. External radiotherapy was done by conventional schedule with the total dose of 45 to 60 Gy (median; 54 Gy). The median follow-up period was 5 years. Results : The 2- and 5- year survival rates were 80% and 72%, respectively and the 2- and 5- year progression-free survival was 75% and 63%, respectively. The survival was influenced significantly by the histologic grade, the histologic type, and performance status. Major complication was not found. Conclusion : In spite of good survival, the local failure was still the major problem. Age and the extent of surgery as well as three favorable factors should be considered in the future treatments

[en] Neurenteric cyst is an extremely rare developmental cyst of the central nervous system. It is lined with intestinal epithelium and is usually found in the subarachnoid space of the cervical and thoracic spine. We report a case of intracranial neurenteric cyst in a 40-year-old man, and describe the MRI findings. This modality showed a large cyst, ventral to the pons and extending bilaterally to the cerebellopontine angles and craniovertebral junction ; its signal was hyperintense on both T1-and T2-weighted images and there is no enhancement on postcontrast T1-weighted images. (author). 16 refs., 1 tab., 1 fig

[en] A retrospective analysis was performed on 49 patients with astrocytoma of glioblastoma multiforme of brain who received postoperative radiotherapy in the period between February 1979 and December 1985. Fourteen patients had grade I astrocytoma, 11 patients grade II, 14 patients grade III, and 10 patients glioblastoma multiforme. Three year actuarial survival rates were 85.7%, 44.6% and 23.1% for grade I, II, and III astrocytomas, respectively. One and 2 year actuarial survival rates for patients with glioblastoma multiforme were 54.5% and 27.3%, respectively. Histologic grade, age, extent of operation and tumor location were revealed to be prognosticators

[en] It is well known that the cell type and histopathological grading of gliomas correlate well with clinical course and prognosis. Therefore, it is tempting to set certain criteria that could predict the histopathologic characteristics of the gliomas before the surgical intervention. With a total of 56 cases of gliomas which were verified histopathologically in Seoul National University Hospital between July, 1978 and May, 1983, a statistical analysis of the computed tomographic findings was done with the particular emphasis on the correlation with histopathological features. The results were as follows: 1. The calcification is observed in 27 cases (48%) in total: in cases (62.5%) among low grade group, in 6 cases (46.1%) among high grade group and in 1 case (9.1%) among glioblastoma multiforme group respectively. 2. The mass effect, especially surrounding low density correlates well with the grade of malignancy. 3. The contrast enhancement is observed in 43 cases (76.8%). The pattern of enhancement provides clues for the assessment of cell type and grade with fair degree of reliability. Among low grade group, 10 cases (31.3%) show no enhancement and 10 cases show solid enhancement. Among high grade group, 6 cases (46.8%) show solid enhancement and nodular or ring enhancement are not observed. Among glioblastoma multiforme group, 8 cases (72.7%) show characteristic thick irregular ring enhancement. 4. Plain CT densities are not useful in differentiating each group in statistically significant level

[en] This study was undertaken to examine the possibility of predicting the stage of brain abscess preoperatively, which may markedly influence on the decision how to manage the patients suffering from intracerebral abscesses. A total of 17 patients with brain abscess, who were treated with surgery and diagnosed pathologically, were retrospectively analyzed with particular attention to the correlation of CT and histopathologic findings. We found that preoperative CT findings could not provided any possibility on the decision of abscess staging. Therefore, we suggest that the sequential CT scans should be done in patients with suspected brain abscess for evaluation of abscess staging

[en] Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor in infants and young children which has relatively favorable prognosis with early diagnosis and adequate treatment, however, it can be lethal if the treatment is delayed or inadequate. Clinically, early diagnosis is often difficult because of minimal subjective and objective signs and symptoms, and the patients are usually too young to complain visual disturbance. When ophthalmoscopicexamination is impossible due to presence of opaue media in front of tumor mass as associated inflammatory reaction, hemorrhage, corneal opacity, retinal detachment, etc, ultrasonography is necessary for diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Authors analyzed ultrasonographic al findings with pathological correlation on 10 cases of confirmed retinoblastoma during the period of March 1981 to September1982 at the Seoul National University Hospital. In all cases, ultrasonography demonstrates intraocular masses and all of which are cystic type.Reflectivity of masses are higher than retroorbital fat tissue in 8 cases, and 7 cases show irregular internal echogenic texture. There is no correlation between reflexivity and internal echogenic texture with microscopic findings as rosette, pseudo rosette and micro cysts. Calcifications are demonstrated by ultrasonography as strong reflectiveness with posterior sonic shadowing in 9 cases and 9 of 10 cases are well correlated with calcifications in pathologic specimens. Anechoic cystic areas are shown in 9 cases, and 6 of 10 cases are well correlated with necrosis in pathologic specimen. In all cases, there is no attenuation of sound within tumor masses, and no demonstrable choroidal excavation. Associated retinal detachment is hardly identifiable in irregular contour and internal texture of cystic tumor masses

[en] The anterior commissure (AC) and posterior commissure (PC) are the two distinct anatomic structures in the brain which are difficult to observe in detail with conventional MRI, such as a 1.5T MRI system. However, recent advances in ultra-high resolution MRI have enabled us to examine the AC and PC directly. The objective of the present study is to standardize the shape and size of the AC and PC using a 7.0T MRI and to propose a new brain reference line. Thirty-four, 21 males and 13 females, healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. After determining the center of each AC and PC, we defined the connection of these centers as the central intercommissural line (CIL). We compared the known extra- and intra-cerebral reference lines with the CIL to determine the difference in the angles. Additionally, we obtained horizontal line from flat ground line of look front human. The difference in angle of the CIL and the tangential intercommissural line (TIL) from the horizontal line was 8.7 ± 5.1 (11 ± 4.8) and 17.4 ± 5.2 (19.8 ± 4.8) degrees in males and females, respectively. The difference in angle between the CIL and canthomeatal line was 10.1 in both male and female, and there was no difference between both sexes. Likewise, there was no significant difference in angle between the CIL and TIL between both sexes (8.3 +/- 1.1 in male and 8.8 +/- 0.7 in female). In this study, we have used 7.0T MRI to define the AC and PC quantitatively and in a more robust manner. We have showed that the CIL is a reproducible reference line and serves as a standard for the axial images of the human brain.

[en] The authors describe a case in which a tailgut cyst occurred at an unusual location in a 22-year-old woman referred for abdominal discomfort and urinary frequency. The left abdomen contained a palpable mass, found at imaging studies to be a homogeneous, unilocular and cystic, and anterior to the left kidney. After surgical excision, it was shown to be a tailgut cyst

[en] The purpose of this study is to find helpful MR findings for predicting anaplastic oligodendrogliomas. Retrospective analysis of 46 MR images and 37 CT scans was performed for 46 patients with pathologically-proven cerebral oligodendrogliomas. A neuropathologist graded the tumors as one of low-grade (n = 16), intermediate-grade (n = 12), or anaplastic oligodendroglioma (n 18). MR imaging features were retrospectively analysed with respect to histologic grading of the tumors. Contrast enhancement was observed always in anaplastic group (17/17), in a portion of intermediate-grade group (4/10) but not in low-grade group (0/4). Peritumoral edema was observed infrequently in anaplastic group (4/18) or intermediate-grade group (1/12). Cystic changes (25/46) or calcifications on CT Scans (14/37) were not related with histologic grading. Grossly identifiable hemorrhage was rare in this series (2/46). Among the various imaging features, only tumor enhancement and peritumoral edema were statistically significant for trend test (ρ < 0.05). When considering the diagnosis of oligodendrogliomas, the presence of contrast enhancement or peritumoral edema is a helpful features suggesting anaplastic oligodendrogliomas