[en] We study the roles played by nonattracting chaotic sets known as chaotic saddles in a periodic window of a high-dimensional dynamical system described by the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. A new technique is introduced to characterize the high-dimensional homoclinic tangency responsible for an interior crisis that marks the end of a periodic window, using the stable manifolds of a chaotic saddle

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No abstract available

[en] The Lagrangian properties of the velocity field in a magnetized fluid are studied using three-dimensional simulations of a helical magnetohydrodynamic dynamo. We compute the attracting and repelling Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS), which are dynamic lines and surfaces in the velocity field that delineate particle transport in flows with chaotic streamlines and act as transport barriers. Two dynamo regimes are explored, one with a robust coherent mean magnetic field and the other with intermittent bursts of magnetic energy. The LCS and the statistics of the finite-time Lyapunov exponents indicate that the stirring/mixing properties of the velocity field decay as a linear function of magnetic energy. The relevance of this study to the solar dynamo problem is also discussed. (comment)

[en] The relation between current sheets, turbulence, and magnetic reconnections at the leading edge of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection detected by four Cluster spacecraft on 2005 January 21 is studied. We report the observational evidence of two magnetically reconnected current sheets in the vicinity of a front magnetic cloud boundary layer with the following characteristics: (1) a Kolmogorov power spectrum in the inertial subrange of the magnetic turbulence, (2) the scaling exponent of structure functions of magnetic fluctuations exhibiting multi-fractal scaling predicted by the She-Leveque magnetohydrodynamic model, and (3) bifurcated current sheets with the current density computed by both single-spacecraft and multi-spacecraft techniques.

[en] The effects of noise in the dynamics of Alfven waves described by the derivative nonlinear Schroedinger equation are investigated. In a complex region of the parameter space, where multistability is observed, an external stochastic source can effectively destroy attractors present in the noise-free system, as well as induce chaotic transients and extrinsic intermittency. In the intermittent regime, the Alfven wave exhibits random qualitative changes in its behavior as a result of a competition between three attractors and a chaotic saddle embedded in the fractal basin boundary

[en] A new type of synchronization, on-off collective imperfect phase synchronization, is found in a turbulent state. In the driver frame the nonlinear wave system can be transformed to a set of coupled oscillators moving in a potential related to the unstable steady wave. In 'on' stages the oscillators in different spatial scales adjust themselves to collective imperfect phase synchronization, inducing strong bursts in the wave energy. The interspike intervals display a power-law distribution. In addition to the embedded saddle point, it is emphasized that the delocalization of the master mode also plays an important role in developing the on-off synchronization

[en] A numerical study is performed on a forced-oscillator model of nonlinear business cycles. An attractor merging crisis due to a global bifurcation is analyzed using the unstable periodic orbits and their associated stable and unstable manifolds. Characterization of crisis can improve our ability to forecast sudden major changes in economic systems

[en] Complex economic dynamics is studied by a forced oscillator model of business cycles. The technique of numerical modeling is applied to characterize the fundamental properties of complex economic systems which exhibit multiscale and multistability behaviors, as well as coexistence of order and chaos. In particular, we focus on the dynamics and structure of unstable periodic orbits and chaotic saddles within a periodic window of the bifurcation diagram, at the onset of a saddle-node bifurcation and of an attractor merging crisis, and in the chaotic regions associated with type-I intermittency and crisis-induced intermittency, in non-linear economic cycles. Inside a periodic window, chaotic saddles are responsible for the transient motion preceding convergence to a periodic or a chaotic attractor. The links between chaotic saddles, crisis and intermittency in complex economic dynamics are discussed. We show that a chaotic attractor is composed of chaotic saddles and unstable periodic orbits located in the gap regions of chaotic saddles. Non-linear modeling of economic chaotic saddle, crisis and intermittency can improve our understanding of the dynamics of financial intermittency observed in stock market and foreign exchange market. Characterization of the complex dynamics of economic systems is a powerful tool for pattern recognition and forecasting of business and financial cycles, as well as for optimization of management strategy and decision technology

[en] We study the chaotic dynamics of the Pierce diode, a simple spatially extended system for collisionless bounded plasmas, focusing on the concept of edge of chaos, the boundary that separates transient from asymptotic dynamics. We fully characterize an interior crisis at the end of a periodic window, thereby showing direct evidence of the collision between a chaotic attractor, a chaotic saddle, and the edge of chaos, formed by a period-3 unstable periodic orbit and its stable manifold. The edge of chaos persists after the interior crisis, when the global attractor of the system increases its size in the phase space.