[en] Revised edition with updated in vivo images. Features a coordination matrix in each image, facilitating identification of brain structures and anatomy. User-friendly format and size. The inaugural publication of the 7.0 Tesla MRI Brain Atlas: In-vivo Atlas with Cryomacrotome Correlation in 2010 provided readers with a spectacular source of ultra-high resolution images revealing a wealth of details of the brainstem and midbrain structures. This second edition contributes additional knowledge gained as a result of technologic advances and recent research. To facilitate identification and comparison of brain structures and anatomy, a detailed coordination matrix is featured in each image. Updated axial, sagittal, and coronal images are also included. This state-of-the-art and user-friendly reference will provide researchers and clinicians with important new perspectives.

[en] Depicts the visualization of brain white matter with the latest 7.0 T MRI and TDI techniques. Represents a useful addition to brain research and clinical settings, such as the Human Connectome Project. Contains a wealth of exquisitely detailed color images. The introduction of techniques that permit visualization of the human nervous system is one of the foremost advances in neuroscience and brain-related research. Among the most recent significant developments in this respect are ultra-high field MRI and the image post-processing technique known as track density imaging (TDI). It is these techniques (including super-resolution TDI) which represent the two major components of 7.0 Tesla MRI - Brain White Matter Atlas. This second edition of the atlas has been revised and updated to fully reflect current application of these technological advancements in order to visualize the nervous system and the brain with the finest resolution and sensitivity. Exquisitely detailed color images offer neuroscientists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons a superb resource that will be of value both for the purpose of research and for the treatment of common brain diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.

[en] The authors congratulate the cerebrations for the 30 years of the Korean Society of Medical Physics (http://www.ksmp.or.kr/). The paper is published to recognize the anniversary. Geon-Ho Jahng invited Professor Z. H. Cho to join to submit this manuscript because he has been one of the leaders in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the last 40 years. In this review, we describe the development and clinical histories of MRI internationally and domestically. We also discuss diffusion and perfusion MRI, molecular imaging using MRI and MR spectroscopy (MRS), and the hybrid systems, such as positron emission tomography - MRI (PET-MRI), MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS), and MRI-guided linear accelerators (MRI-LINACs). In each part, we discuss the historical evolution of the developments, technical developments, and clinical applications

[en] The anterior commissure (AC) and posterior commissure (PC) are the two distinct anatomic structures in the brain which are difficult to observe in detail with conventional MRI, such as a 1.5T MRI system. However, recent advances in ultra-high resolution MRI have enabled us to examine the AC and PC directly. The objective of the present study is to standardize the shape and size of the AC and PC using a 7.0T MRI and to propose a new brain reference line. Thirty-four, 21 males and 13 females, healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. After determining the center of each AC and PC, we defined the connection of these centers as the central intercommissural line (CIL). We compared the known extra- and intra-cerebral reference lines with the CIL to determine the difference in the angles. Additionally, we obtained horizontal line from flat ground line of look front human. The difference in angle of the CIL and the tangential intercommissural line (TIL) from the horizontal line was 8.7 ± 5.1 (11 ± 4.8) and 17.4 ± 5.2 (19.8 ± 4.8) degrees in males and females, respectively. The difference in angle between the CIL and canthomeatal line was 10.1 in both male and female, and there was no difference between both sexes. Likewise, there was no significant difference in angle between the CIL and TIL between both sexes (8.3 +/- 1.1 in male and 8.8 +/- 0.7 in female). In this study, we have used 7.0T MRI to define the AC and PC quantitatively and in a more robust manner. We have showed that the CIL is a reproducible reference line and serves as a standard for the axial images of the human brain.

[en] 15 liver hemangiomas from 10 patients were studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 2.0 Tesla superconductive magnet in order to evaluate the detectability of the mass by MRI and to analyzed the optimal pulse sequence in high field magnet. Identical multislice/multiecho techniques were used in all patients obtained with T1-and T2 weighted spin echo using TR 500, 1500, 2000 msec and TE 30, 60, 90, 120 msec. MRI could detect liver hemangiomas in all cases. Hemangioma tended to have sharp margin, homogeneous signal intensity and no capsule and showed iso signal intensity in majority on SE 500/30 images. Hemangioma also had high signal intensity with prolongation of TR and TE. On T2-weighted images obtained with 2000 msec TR and 60, 90, 120 msec TE, hemangiomas had significantly greater contrast between the mass and surrounding liver than that on T1 weighted images. We believe that MRI may replace the angiography for the diagnosis of hemangioma and may become the procedure of choice for further work up of suspected small hemangioma on sonography

[en] Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with 2.0 Tesla superconductive magnet developed by Korea Advanced Institute of Science was performed in 25 patients with various abdominal diseases and compared with x-ray computed tomography (CT). MRI was obtained with spin echo technique using a variety of pulse sequence and various slice orientation including axial, sagittal and coronal section in order to evaluate the diagnostic value, limitation and to determine the optimal pulse sequence in various abdominal diseases. MRI demonstrated the capability of detecting the lesions shown on CT in all cases and also detected one case of diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma which was not seen on CT. MRI showed capability of differentiation of various liver mass including hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangioma and simple cyst. MRI showed better anatomical resolution of tumor in retroperitoneum and pelvis, however CT delineated alimentary tract disease better than MRI did.

[en] A combination of high gradient (0.46mT/cm) and small radiofrequency coils (8cm diameter) was used to obtain images with effective thickness of 2.0mm and pixel dimensions as small as 196 μ in the live chick embryo and surgically resected human femoral head with avascular necrosis. The signal-to-noise ratio was sufficient to allow identification of major anatomical structures of live chick embryo and delineation of osteonecrotic segment in femoral head. The changes of signal intensity in necrotic femoral head was well correlated with histopathologic findings. MR microscopy is considered as a good research modality in the field of embryology, teratology and MR tissue characterization

[en] Cine-MR imaging was done in 2 normal persons and 9 patients of valvular heart disease with 2.0 T superconducting MR system (Spectro-2000; GoldStar, Korea). The MRI was undertaken using gradient echo technique with small flip angle. Repetition time (TR) was 34 msec, and echo time (TE), 18 msec. In most cases, 20 to 30 frames could be obtained during one cardiac cycle. With normal heart, high signal intensity was identified in the blood filled cardiac chambers. Transient signal void was observed near tricuspid, mitral and aortic valves due to the turbulences induced by valve opening or closure. In 6 cases of mitral valvular disease, mitral valve was identified in all cases. The valvular motion was limited revealing doming toward cardiac apex during diastole. Signal void was evident in pansystolic phase of left ventricle in all cases. Evidence of combined aortic or tricuspid valve disease were also demonstrated, revealing signal void in the corresponding cardiac chambers. Cine-MRI seemed to be not only a good non-invasive diagnostic modality for the valvular heart disease, but also an accurate modality for cardiac functional evaluation

[en] Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with 0.15 Tesla resistive magnet developed by Korea Advanced Institute of Science were performed in 27 patients with various neurologic diseases and compared with x-ray computed tomography (CT). The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the image quality, the diagnostic value and limitation, and the optimal pulse sequence of MR imagings with a resistive magnet. The MR images were obtained by using a variety of pulse sequence with spin echo technique including saturation recovery. T2-weighted spin echo, and/or inversion recovery with various pulse repetition (TR) and echo delay (TE) times. The MR imaging demonstrated the capability of detecting the lesions shown on CT in al cases and also detected an additional finding in one case (multiple sclerosis) which was not seen on CT. The MR imaging appeared to be more useful than CT in the evaluation of syringomyelia of spinal cord and white matter disease, while it failed to demonstrated small calcific lesion or inflammatory nodule (less than 1 cm) shown on CT and has shown somewhat poor contrast resolution in the case of meingloma. The spatial resolution of saturation recovery images was similar or superior to CT, whereas the contrast resolution of saturation recovery was inferior to CT. While the saturation recovery images have shown false negative findings in 5 patients (19%), the inversion recovery and T2-weighted spin echo have shown consistently positive findings. The inversive recovery and T2-weighted spin echo images demonstrated better contrast discrimination between normal and pathologic conditions than the saturation recovery images, but somewhat poorer spatial resolution. Authors suggest that the MR images of both the saturation recovery with 300/30 and T2-weighted spin echo with 1000/90 be used as a routine procedure and additional inversion recovery of 1300/300/30 sequence as a option if white matter disease is suspected

[en] This paper contains the results of clinical studies with 0.1 and 0.15 Tesla KAIS NMR tomograph which was developed by Korean Advanced Institute of Science. A variety of imaging modes such as saturation recover (SR), spin echo (SE), and inversion recovery (IR) as well as echo and repetition times were applied. Clinical imagings were performed on 22 patients with diseases of brain (15 cases), cervical spine (2 cases), chest (2 cases), pancreas (2 cases), and kidney (1 case). In SR imaging, we have obtained images strongly dependent on the hydrogen nuclei density. SE with long echo time and IR are effective for T2 and T1 dependent images, respectively. Results of clinical NMR imaging are presented and compared with X-CT and the other radiological examinations. Obtained results appear promising and with further examinations along with parameter adjustment, it is expected that the NMR imaging will not only substitute many conventional diagnostic methods such as X-ray CT but also be useful for the early detection of tumor and other lesions not obtainable with other modalities