[en] In principle, the regime for protection of workers during an emergency should follow that used during normal planned operations where feasible. However, it is recognized that this is not always possible or sensible, and therefore flexibility is needed. In part this flexibility is seen in the application of reference levels rather than dose limits, and in the understanding that doses incurred may be much higher than during normal operations where circumstances warrant. Learning from experiences of the Fukushima Daiichi accident, several questions are being examined with an eye to updating ICRP recommendations. These include how to manage: the various types of workers in different phases of the emergency and recovery; workers on-site vs. off-site; and, recovery workers who have already received doses greater than 100 mSv during emergency operations. (author)

[en] A class of exact stationary axisymmetric multi-wormhole solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell scalar field equations, depending on a single real potential, is generated from the corresponding static solutions by SU(2,1) transformations. These rotating solutions are asymptotically NUT-like. (author)

[en] These two thematic issues of Comptes Rendus Chimie (February and April-May 2006) contain papers contributed to the 15. International conference on Photochemical Conversion and Storage of Solar Energy (IPS-15), held from 4 to 7 July 2004 at the Pharmacy Faculty in Paris (France). With nearly 400 individuals attending, representing academics, national laboratories, industry from 33 countries, and with several exhibitions in the vendor section, the conference was most certainly a well attended success. Among the 340 presentations given during the meeting (plenary and invited lectures, oral and poster presentations), 59 will be found in this publication. The goal of this thematic issue was to provide a broad overview of the various topics covered by the IPS series, and happily the conference committee did not need to press participants at all to provide written versions of their research. A thorough review process insured that this publication represents the most novel and well-received contributions of the conference, in keeping with the high standards of the Comptes rendus. In this issue, we cover a range of topics, including photo-generated electron and energy transfer, bio-mimetic systems, dye-sensitized and polymer solar cells, environmental chemistry and design of nano-materials for photo-conversion. From the included prints, we can see the advanced knowledge base accumulated in the past 3 years regarding the structure and function of photosystem II, providing a more complete understanding of the architecture of the center for photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Today, we apply photo-catalysis in numerous applications, from air and water purification to the production of self-cleaning surfaces on windows and street lamps. These applications have attracted the interest of a wide variety of industrial sectors, especially to those using TiO₂-coated materials that make it possible to maintain clean, hydrophilic conditions on a surface without the addition of any chemicals in the process. In recent years, the intensive research and development of dye-sensitized solar cells has been established to understand the mechanisms of electron transfer, to improve the energetic efficiency and to expand the limits of cell durability in more extreme environmental conditions. (author)

[en] Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) is a next generation nuclear power plant being developed by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. A modern control room has been conceived for operation and monitoring of the plant in tune with the advanced features of the reactor. A state of the art C and I architecture based on extensive use of computers and networking has been conceived for this plant. This architecture enables the implementation of a fully computerised operator friendly control room with soft HMIs. Features of the modern control room and control room and concept of soft HMI based operator interfaces have been described in the paper. (author)

[en] Aortic pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication that may occur after a penetrating injury. The aortic wound is frequently missed at initial laparotomy. Careful follow-up is crucial to permit early recognition of the vascular lesion so that appropriate treatment may be given. We report the imaging findings in a patient who presented with a pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta following a gunshot wound. This case highlights the important role of current imaging techniques in establishing an accurate diagnosis after failure to discover the aortic wound during laparotomy. (author)

[en] Lower limb lymphoscintigraphy is generally performed by injecting a ^99mTc colloid into the subcutaneous tissue of the first or second interdigital space of both feet. Only the lymphatics which run along the long saphenous vein are visualized (Superficial Lymphoscintigraphy: SL). However, the lymphatic vessels which run along the short saphenous vein and the deep vessels can be investigated with a subcutaneous injection into the lateral malleolus region as it has been shown in radiology. We report our experience in isotopic exploration of the short saphenous vessels and of the deep vessels (Deep lymphoscintigraphy: DL). Both SL and DL have been performed on 18 patients. This work is included in a study devoted to the exploration of the oedema posterior to a femoro-popliteal bypass. The results show that the quality of the deep lymphatic flow is not always the same as the quality of the superficial flow and that the type and the level of the morphologic abnormalities of the deep lymphatics are not always the same as those of the morphologic abnormalities of the superficial lymphatics. We conclude that DL is a simple and nontraumatic tool to examine the deep lymphatic vessels and that a full exploration of the lower limb lymphatic system should include a SL and a DL

[en] This paper reports on films of Cd-rich cadmium mercury telluride (Cd_xHG_1-xTe, CMT) 0.1 to 2 μm thick, formed on conducting glass (SnO₂) and cadmium substrates by electrochemical (potentiostatic) deposition from an aqueous bath. 1 - x ranged from 0 to 0.25. The photoresponse of CMT electrodes of n- and p-type was investigated in electrolytes containing different redox couples. In 1M polysulfide solution, the onset of photocurrents was found at -1.1 V vs. SCE, independent of the optical bandgap. In the plateau range of the photocurrent potential curves, quantum yields of charge collection up to 0.45 were measured for Cd_0.9Hg_0.1Te. The long-wavelength onset of photoresponse varied with the bandgap (1.47--1.08 eV) for 1 - x between 0.01 and 0.2. The drawback of the small minority-carrier diffusion length of CMT grown by electrocyrstallization can be circumvented with stacked, semitransparent thin-film electrodes. Experiments show that with such a configuration of thin CMT films grown on transparent substrates, the total photocurrent output can be increased considerably

[en] A simple method for the measurement of the activity is described. It consists of using a well-type sodium iodide crystal whose efficiency mith monoenergetic photon rays has been computed or measured. For each radionuclide with a complex decay scheme a total efficiency is computed; it is shown that the efficiency is very high, near 100%. The associated incertainty is low, in spite of the important uncertainties on the different parameters used in the computation. The method has been applied to the measurement of the ¹⁵²Eu primary reference

[en] Various different spectrometry methods have been developed in France. Their choice depends on the energy field, the desired degree of accuracy, the maximum size of the detector, the complexity of setting up the operation, the presence of radiation and the temperature at the point of measurement. The principal methods have been divided into six groups according to the types of detectors: a) - activation detectors; b) - fission chambers, Bonner spheres, self powered detectors; c) - recoil protons detectors; d) - ionographic detectors; e) - Li⁶ detectors; f) - time of flight detectors

[en] Advanced Heavy Water Reactor (AHWR) is a next generation nuclear power plant being developed by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre. Two independent shutdown systems ensure safety of the reactor. Engineered safety feature actuation systems are provided to mitigate and contain the effects of design basis accidents. Control systems permit operation of the plant as base load station as well as load following one. A state of the art C and I architecture based on extensive use of computers and networking has been conceived for this plant. Evolution of this architecture has been described in the paper. (author)