[en] The Anses was asked to expand scientific knowledge on the consequences of ELF electromagnetic fields on animal health and zootechnical performance. The lack of bibliographic data assessing the exposure of livestock to electromagnetic fields incited ANSES to launch a campaign for measuring electrical and magnetic fields in the environment in a sample of thirty livestock farms, both near high-voltage power lines and otherwise. This study, while it is not representative of all French farm situations, made it possible to draw initial conclusions on the average levels found in fields in typical farm environments by identifying the sources of these fields. The magnetic field levels measured underneath high-voltage electrical power lines remained low (between 0.01 and 7.59 μT) and the electrical fields were around 46 to 5 060 V/m. The levels in livestock buildings were lower (< 3 μT and 43 V/m). While sources inside farms can generate fields reaching 25 μT near certain types of equipment (electrical cabinets in particular), animals were not directly exposed to these. A literature review showed that although effects have been observed on rare occasions in animals (deterioration of cognitive function in laboratory animals (exposure of > 100 μT), possible reduced milk production and milk-fat levels, and increased ingestion in dairy cows (magnetic fields of 30μT for 30 days), etc.), it remains difficult to assess the direct health effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on livestock

[en] The work of the Working Group II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was presented in March 2014. Entitled Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, this second volume of the fifth IPCC Assessment Report details the impacts of climate change to date, future risks due to climate change and opportunities for effective intervention to reduce these risks. The effects of climate change are already being felt in all sectors and in all areas (agriculture, health, land and ocean ecosystems, water supply), and on every land mass and ocean (from small islands to large continents) from the richest to the poorest. Climatic change often interacts with other sources of stress to increase risk. The world is nevertheless unprepared for the risks of climate change and adaptation can contribute greatly to reducing them. Since its creation in 2001, the 'Observatoire national sur les effets du rechauffement climatique' or ONERC has worked for the dissemination of knowledge on climate change and its expected impacts on natural and human systems. Published in 2011 under the aegis of ONERC, the 'Plan national d'adaptation au changement climatique' (national plan for adaptation to climate change) (PNACC) points out that the forest sector has been facing serious crises over the last decade, such as storms, droughts and recurrent forest fires. Climate change appears as an additional risk factor, which must therefore be afforded the keenest attention. From this point on, in addition to these exceptional events we must also take stock of background developments, given the length of forest life cycles. These events and developments present a double aspect, with some more favourable (increased productivity in some areas) and others more problematic (changes to the areas of distribution of species, increased risks), both requiring management. The ONERC advisory board wanted the 2013 report to take up the issue of trees and forests facing the challenges of climate change. This report is intentionally limited to mainland France, since for overseas areas the topic has already been the subject of a chapter in the sector-specific analysis of a previous report entitled 'Les outre-mer face au defi du changement climatique' ('Overseas departments facing the challenge of climate change'). Moreover, most of the elements related to forest management are still relevant for overseas areas. This report is organized into seven chapters. The first introduces the problem, outlining the different aspects of trees and forests and explaining the different services they provide. The second deals with the visible or expected effects of climate change on trees and forests. The third deals with protective forests and explores possible developments of this particular service. The fourth looks at forest management methods promoting the adaptation of forests and trees. The fifth tackles the lesser known problem of agroforestry, the usefulness of trees for adaptation in agricultural areas. The sixth reflects upon those economic activities related to the forest industries. The seventh and final chapter addresses the topic with an unusual perspective, suggesting a walk in the Troncais forest in 2050. Three appendices complete this report: Appendix 1 - report on the observatory's activity, Appendix 2 - abbreviations and acronyms, Appendix 3 - contributors and acknowledgements

[en] Farmers from two cattle farms located near a wind farm in Loire-Atlantique have reported various problems with their animals, including a reduction in milk yield and quality, behavioural problems, and an increase in mortality. ANSES stresses that these particular situations require support measures. However, it has concluded that the disorders encountered are most likely unrelated to the presence of the wind turbines. The Agency recommends establishing a suitable comprehensive diagnostic protocol, in order to be able to act promptly in the event of disorders occurring in other farms close to wind turbines