[en] Air pollution prognosis after reorganization of the Visaginas heating structure in the case of closing the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant has been made. If heavy fuel, oil with 3% sulphur content, and indigenous incinerable waste would be used as fuel in the built boilers houses, the maximal permissible concentrations of sulphur dioxide and hydrogen chlorine in the smoke would be exceeded. During use of heavy fuel (oil with 1% sulphur content) without smoke desulphurization, the third variant of heat and steam surplus would be best from the ecological point of view. In this case the heat for Visaginas would be produced in the current reserve boiler house and the heat and steam for the closed INPP would be produced in the boiler house located in the INPP territory. The optimum height and diameter of chimneys for both boiler houses would be 90 and 4.2 m, respectively. (author)

[en] The change of air pollution level in the environments of Visaginas town and Ignalina NPP in the cases of nuclear power plant closure and construction of modem boiler-house in the halfway between Visaginas and Ignalina NPP had been simulated. The simulation results show that by the use of solid fuel with 0,46 % sulphurity and liquid fuel with 0,89 % sulphurity the construction of desulphurisation equipment would be necessary because the SO₂-normative in dry smoke with respect to normal condition and standard coefficient of air excess would be exceeded. The use of combustible waste for heat production could not have high influence to air pollution because the part of combustible waste would place not more 5,4 % of the general amount of used conventional fuel. The total concentration of sulphur and nitrogen oxides in Vysniava and Uzupiai settlements and in the collective gardens near Visaginas town will exceed the maximal permissible concentration using coal, orimulsion and fuel oil with 2,9 % sulphurity and by charged higher amount of S0₂. Since the background concentration of nitrogen oxides in Visaginas town is high enough, the total concentration of sulphur and nitrogen oxides would exceed the maximal permissible concentration here as well using every fuel sort with exception of the use of natural gas. (author)

[en] The paper offers a prognosis of the formation of air pollutants from Lithuanian power plants operating in the common Baltic electricity market according to two electricity production scenarios related with closure of the Ignalina NPP. According to Scenario 1, the closure date of Unit 1 of the Ignalina NPP is 2004 and of Unit 2 2009. According to Scenario 2, the closure date of Unit 1 is 2004, however, Unit 2 will be replaced by a new modern nuclear unit since 2010. In accordance with the both scenarios, formation of air pollutants will increase every year because of the growth of electricity demand. The influence of the largest air pollution source such as the Lithuanian TPP will be most significant to the situation in Lithuania, although the contribution of other power plants will remain more or less constant since 2005. The necessity of investments to the flue gas cleaning technologies (mainly from SO₂ and solid particles) remains in both scenarios, because the expected emissions exceed the engagements of Lithuania for admission to EC. (author)

[en] The paper deals with predicting sulphur dioxide emissions generated by power production sector in the Baltic States in period up to year 2020. The economies of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are rapidly growing therefore forecast of emissions related with this occurrence becomes very important. The Ignalina nuclear power plant (INPP), one of the largest in the world, is situated in the region. Two power production scenarios are modelled to investigate changes in power sector's emissions expected as the consequences of the coming closure of Ignalina NPP. Power market was assumed to be common for all three Baltic countries and was modelled by applying the Balmorel model. The planned closure of Ignalina NPP will bring restructuring of Lithuania power production sector and will change also power transmission between countries. Predictive identified the potential of investments for new modern power generation technologies. At the same time modelling results show in both scenarios SO₂ emissions from power production in the Baltic region will increase. The increment of emissions is discussed in the context of meeting requirements of EC Directives. The SO₂ formation in Lithuania power sector may exceed the limits of the EU Council Directive 2001/80/EB therefore the additional measures to control SO₂ emissions have to be investigated. (author)

[en] Three Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) and the Russian Kaliningrad region possess similar natural conditions as well as natural resources and are closely related by network of energy systems. Therefore joint research into the potentialities hidden in biomass and combustive waste as alternative fuel and into the related problems of air pollutions has been carried out. Based on the methods worked out by the main coordinator of the research work - the Kaunas University of Technology (Dept. of Env. Engineering) - emission of CO₂, SO₂, CO, NO_x and solid particles at combustion of various fuels have been studied and the energy potential and resource of alternative fuels (different kinds of wood fuel, straw, combustible waste, bio diesel oil, bio ethanol and biogas) have been estimated with regard to each of the mentioned regions. In the paper, possibilities for substitution of the alternative fuels for traditional ones in energy production and transport are discussed and the forecasts as to possible limitations of emissions due to the substitution are given. The work presents the tabulated results of exhaustive calculation of air pollutant formation on the scale of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and the Kaliningrad region made with due consideration for the current requirements on the primary energy and existing renewable sources of alternative fuel. A separate conclusion is made concerning Lithuania, where the issue of alternative fuels is closely connected with the operation of the Ignalina NPP and its expected decommissioning. (authors)