[en] The first of these three thematic studies aimed at characterising households in a situation of energy poverty, from a social-economic point of view, and in relationship with the type of dwelling belonging to the private stock they rent, while the second and third studies address the same issues but respectively for households renting a social housing and for households renting or owning a housing in co-ownerships of the private sector. These three studies are identically structured. A first part details the methodology applied to quantify the phenomenon from the housing national survey (ENL), and to perform a bibliographical study. Thus it addresses the following issues: scope of the study, indicators of energy poverty, ENL processing, bibliographical study. The second part presents the general context of the studied target: the proportion of households in situation of energy poverty within the concerned sample, the comparison of proportions noticed for the three studied populations, identification of the peculiarities of the studied target population. The last part presents results in quantitative and qualitative ways by discussing the characteristics of energy poverties, the social-economic characteristics of households, the characteristics of housings, and the characteristics of households in their housing.

[en] This publication comments statistical data only based on the national survey on housing performed in 2013, but also on an energy poverty indicator (obtained by the Prometheus micro-simulation model), and on a measurement of the perceived coldness (provided by the national Mediator of energy). These both indicators are notably useful as the national survey on housing is performed only every 6 or 7 years. These indicators are presented as well as others such as the 'low incomes-high expenses indicators'. Then, the authors notice that energy poverty has decreased between 2013 and 2017, notably because of a decrease of oil product prices. They discuss the influence of various parameters (meteorology, taxing, housing and heating stock, average consumption, household revenues). They discuss the results of the Prometheus model, its limitations. They outline the discrepancy of the energy poverty rate among French regions. They evoke new approaches undertaken by the INSEE, the development of local partnerships, and propose a focus on the case of energy vulnerability in the New-Aquitaine region. The text of a press release which more briefly presents the same elements and outlines that the problem of energy poverty concerns at least 7 millions persons in France.

[en] What do we know about the thermal performance of dwellings? How does actual energy consumption compare with that measured by energy assessments? Which households are threatened by energy poverty? Are they mostly found in peri-urban areas? These are some of the questions that analyses based on the 'Phebus' housing, equipment, needs and uses survey, and brought together in this document, attempt to answer

[en] This publication presents and comments various data and indicators related to or illustrating energy poverty in France in 2018. Different topics are addressed with, for each of them, a definition of the studied indicator, values and analysis of the indicator with, should the occasion occur, district maps, and additional information (source, scope, reading cautions). The addressed issues are indicators of quantification of energy poverty (assessment of the number of concerned households, household perception of energy issues), contextual indicators (energy prices, income poverty and poverty intensity, energy consumptions of the housing fleet, household energy expenses), indicators expressing the difficulty of households to pay their bills, indicators of follow-up of the various national financial arrangements.

[en] This publication presents and comments various data and indicators related to or illustrating energy poverty in France in 2019. Different topics are addressed with, for each of them, a definition of the studied indicator, values and analysis of the indicator with, should the occasion occur, district maps, and additional information (source, scope, reading cautions). The addressed issues are indicators of quantification of energy poverty (assessment of the number of concerned households, household perception of energy issues), contextual indicators (energy prices, income poverty and poverty intensity, energy consumptions of the housing fleet, household energy expenses), indicators expressing the difficulty of households to pay their bills, indicators of follow-up of the various national financial arrangements

[en] This publication presents and comments various data and indicators related to or illustrating energy poverty in France in the second half of 2020. Different topics are addressed with, for each of them, a definition of the studied indicator, values and analysis of the indicator with, should the occasion occur, district maps, and additional information (source, scope, reading cautions). The addressed issues are indicators of quantification of energy poverty (assessment of the number of concerned households, household perception of energy issues), contextual indicators (energy prices, income poverty and poverty intensity, energy consumptions of the housing fleet, household energy expenses), indicators expressing the difficulty of households to pay their bills, indicators of follow-up of the various national financial arrangements

[en] This first report from the French national observatory of fuel poverty (ONPE) aims at defining fuel poverty and at characterizing and measuring this phenomenon through indicators and inquiries. An additional dimension concerns the vulnerability linked with everyday mobility which is presented in a separate chapter. The national and local policies against fuel poverty are presented with their results, efficiency and possible improvements. A short glimpse on fuel poverty in Europe is given before the conclusion and recommendations

[en] In our country, over 5 million households find it hard to pay their energy bills. Heating, lighting and transport are nevertheless essential needs, and one cannot lead a normal life if these needs are not met. Among these households, a certain number find themselves in a genuine situation of fuel poverty. They often rent their homes from the private sector and do not have the means to cover their expenses. These situations present social, but also environmental challenges. In the fight against climate change, the priority must be to eliminate the waste resulting from situations of energy 'leakage'. If sustainable solutions are not found, rising energy prices, which are necessary to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and our carbon footprint, will be unbearably high for a growing number of households and will therefore not be implemented. The fight against fuel poverty has improved in recent years, and new measures formulated by the Energy Transition Law of 2015 are being implemented: energy cheques, energy-saving 'poverty' certificates, etc. But these initiatives are not widely used, they are not well coordinated, and most often they are only calculated on the basis of income. Yet the situation of a household with a low income but living in well-isolated social housing is very different from that of a household living in a home with high energy loss. It is now essential to introduce more clarity and coherence into this system, prioritising long-term solutions which are the only ones capable of reconciling social and environmental priorities. Urgent work needs to be done to tackle energy leakage, particularly in private-sector rental properties, and, as far as possible, we must avoid providing direct aid for fossil fuel use, since this is contrary to the aims of the Paris Climate Change Agreement. Following on from a rigorous and exhaustive assessment, this brief proposes, within the framework of current reforms as well as beyond, to: 1) Fully prioritise work on energy 'leakage' within private-sector residential properties, which mostly represent situations of genuine fuel poverty. The Fabrique Ecologique has already proposed introducing a requirement to tackle these situations; but, even if implemented, this would not suffice. Here, in addition to what is being done, we propose: -implementing a coordinated system to enable work on a moderate scale to be carried out rapidly, in order to make the dwelling heatable - a first step towards more extensive renovation; -planning for new energy platforms to act as a coordinated single-access point to tackle these situations; -creating the means to provide an almost full funding through methods such as energy-saving 'poverty' certificates and micro credit. 2) For heating methods which emit high levels of greenhouse gas, prioritise the use of energy cheques to cover the cost of thermal insulation or conversion towards more environmentally friendly heating methods. This provision would be introduced while hydrocarbon prices are very low, as they are today, and in situations where an operational alternative heating method exists

[en] This publication presents and comments various data and indicators related to or illustrating energy poverty in France in the first half of 2020. Different topics are addressed with, for each of them, a definition of the studied indicator, values and analysis of the indicator with, should the occasion occur, district maps, and additional information (source, scope, reading cautions). The addressed issues are indicators of quantification of energy poverty (assessment of the number of concerned households, household perception of energy issues), contextual indicators (energy prices, income poverty and poverty intensity, energy consumptions of the housing fleet, household energy expenses), indicators expressing the difficulty of households to pay their bills, indicators of follow-up of the various national financial arrangements

[en] The objectives of this guide are to define a project of struggle against energy poverty, which are the main steps to be implemented, which are the existing good practices, and aspects to pay attention to. It first presents three prerequisites for the development of such projects: understanding the context, tools and actors of energy poverty, how a project of struggle against energy poverty emerges, how to define such a project (scope, steps, scales, targeted populations). The next part defines six major steps to design a successful project: to perform an audit of the situation, to define the strategic position of the project with respect to identified needs, to define the project economic model, to implement adapted and well-sized governance arrangements, to promote the appropriation of the project in order to ensure its sustainability, and to define success indicators and criteria and to foresee assessment tools. A set of twelve action sheets is proposed in appendix.