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[en] The scaling theory of localization is used to explain the rises in low temperature resistance of systems of reduced dimensionality

[en] We describe a technique using photolithography to produce submicron-scale thin-film structures and simple multilevel structures by single-mask lift-off processing. The technique employs masks offset from the substrate and oblique angle thin-film deposition. It provides a simple means of making small-area Josephson junctions and varying-thickness superconducting bridges and is suitable for the inclusion of these devices in circuits. The examples we show emphasize such applications in superconductivity; however, the technique may find uses in other fields as well

[en] The high resolution Bitter pattern technique has been used to reveal the structure of the array of flux lines which is present when single crystal samples of the high Tc superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O₇ are placed in a magnetic field. At 4.2 K with the magnetic field parallel to the c axis, the patterns formed are strongly reminiscent of the analogous structures in ordinary type II superconductors. The structures typically consist of flux spots with short range hexagonal correlations. The patterns are interpreted to consist of singly quantized vortices. Very uniform patterns are observed in thin, flat samples cooled in a constant field. Sampling the spot density yields a vortex density consistent with a flux quantum of hc/2e. Experiments at 77 K, the only other temperature studied, showed no spatially varying magnetic structure. Recent mechanical measurements which are sensitive to the bulk modulus and dissipation within the vortex lattice show evidence for a mobility transition near 75 K, which would be consistent with this observation. This is believed to stem from materials properties rather than some more fundamental property of the new superconductors. 9 references

[en] Small-area (< or approx. =1 μm²) oxide-barrier tunnel junctions have been made of thermally cyclable superconducting Pb alloys for use as high-frequency mixers. A single-sideband mixer noise temperature of <100 K has been achieved at 115 GHz. This result was achieved in the quasiparticle (classical) mixing mode