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[en] The author describes the design and construction of the axially insulated large-area diodes used in the 'Heaven-1'. The four axially insulated large-area diodes are connected to the 10 ohm pulse transmission lines via the vacuum feed through tubes. The experimental results with the diodes are given. The diodes can steadily work at the voltage of 650 kV, and the diode current density is about 80 A per cm² with a pulse width of 220 ns. The electron beams with a total energy of 25 kJ are obtained

[en] A method for calculating the radiation spectrum of an arbitrary black holes was recently proposed by Ma et al., [Europhys. Lett. 122 (2018) 30001] in which a non-thermal spectrum of a black hole can be obtained from its entropy using an approach based on canonical typicality. The non-thermal spectrum of a black hole enables a nonzero correlation between the black hole and its radiation, which can ensure that information is conserved during black hole evaporation. In this paper, by using the Kantowski-Sachs metric and Feynman-Hibbs procedure, the entropy of a noncommutative quantum black hole is calculated based on the Wheeler-DeWitt equation. Then, the radiation spectrum of the noncommutative quantum black hole is studied based on canonical typicality method. At last, the correlation between the radiation spectra is calculated. It is shown that the noncommutative effect increases the correlation among radiation and the information remains conserved for noncommutative quantum black holes. (paper)

[en] The stability, elastic properties, and electronic structure of germanane nanoribbons (GeNRs) are studied from first-principles calculations. When using atomic H as the hydrogen source, a germanane monolayer spontaneously breaks into ribbons. GeNRs can be easily stretched due to their small in-plane stiffness, suggesting that it is feasible to modulate their properties by strain. All GeNRs show direct band gaps at the Γ point when external strain is zero, with the gap value decreasing with increasing ribbon width. When axial tensile strain is applied, the band gap decreases, and a direct-to-indirect gap transition occurs. The transition can be attributed to different deformation potentials of different states in the valence band. These results suggest potential applications of GeNRs in the fields of pressure sensors and tunable optical electronics. (paper)

[en] We report on the electron-mediated ferromagnetism in Fe-doped InP from both first-principles calculations and experiments. Theoretically, based on the spin-polarized density functional theory within the Heyd—Scuseria—Ernzerhof (HSE03) approach, we systematically investigate the magnetic properties of Fe-doped InP and predict the existence of electron-mediated ferromagnetism. Experimentally, by diffusing Fe into the n-type InP wafer with thermal annealing at 800 °C, we observe room-temperature ferromagnetism in InP:Fe, which is in agreement with the theoretical prediction

[en] The global greenhouse effect makes it urgent to deal with the increasing greenhouse gases. In this paper the performance of MgO-decorated carbon nanotubes for CO₂ adsorption is investigated through first principles calculations. The results show that the MgO-decorated carbon nanotubes can adsorb CO₂ well and are relatively insensitive to O₂ and N₂ at the same time. The binding energy arrives at 1.18 eV for the single-MgO-decorated carbon nanotube adsorbing one CO₂ molecule, while the corresponding values for O₂ and N₂ are 0.55 eV and 0.06 eV, respectively. In addition, multi-molecule adsorption is also proved to be very satisfactory. These results indicate that MgO-decorated carbon nanotubes have great potential applications in industrial and environmental processes. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

[en] Structural properties of polymers confined in nanocylinders are investigated by Monte Carlo simulation, which is successfully used to consider the conformational property of constrained polymers. The conformational properties of the polymers close to the walls exhibit different features. The density profiles of polymers are enhanced near the wall of the nanocylinder, which shows that the packing densities differ near the wall and far from the wall. The highest densities near the wall of the nanocylinder decrease with increasing radius of the nanocylinder. Furthermore, the density excess is not only near the wall of the nanocylinder, but also shifts to the center of the nanocylinder at lower temperatures. The radius of gyration and the bond length of polymers in the nanocylinder show that the polymer chains tend to extend along the axis of the nanocylinder in highly confined nanocylinder and contract at lower temperature. Our results are very helpful in understanding the packing induced physical behaviors of polymers in nanocylinders, such as glass transition, crystallization, etc. (paper)

[en] Highlights: • The unique interlayer vibration modes in two-dimensional materials and their origins are introduced. • The clear layer-number dependence of the interlayer modes is essential to the exact determination of thickness of few-layer flakes. • The modes may be employed to investigate the stacking method and monitor the interlayer coupling in twisted multilayer materials and van der Waals heterojunctions. Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials have been attracted tremendous research interest because of their novel photoelectric properties. If a single atomic layer instead of individual atoms is taken as a rigid motion object, two unique interlayer vibrations, i.e. compression/breathing and shear motions, at ultra-low frequencies can be expected and actually have been observed in many layered materials. The vibrations stem from the interlayer van der Waals interaction and can be well described by a conventional linear-chain model in most cases. The vibration frequencies strongly depend on layer thickness, which enables an accurate determination of layer numbers. A quick and nondestructive determination of flake thickness is particularly important for the materials, since the physical properties can be dramatically changed in the cases of several atomic layers. As a measure of interlayer coupling, the low-frequency modes are also sensitive to the stacking methods of atomic layers and the overlapping of different kinds of 2D materials. This allows the modes to play a key role in the applications like van der Waals heterojunctions. In this paper, we will give a brief review on the experimental observations and theoretical understanding of the interlayer modes in several typical 2D systems, as well as their actual and potential applications.

[en] The pulsar timing residuals induced by gravitational waves from non-evolving single binary sources with general elliptical orbits are analyzed. For different orbital eccentricities, the timing residuals present different properties. The standard deviations of the timing residuals induced by a fixed gravitational wave source are calculated for different values of the eccentricity. We also analyze the timing residuals of PSR J0437-4715 induced by one of the best known single gravitational wave sources, the supermassive black hole binary in the blazar OJ287

[en] Large quantities of metal indium single-crystalline wires with diameters ranging from tens of nanometres to a few micrometres were synthesized on Si substrates. Unlike traditional methods for the fabrication of nanowires or nanorods, liquid indium was squeezed out of the pores and cracks from porous an InAlN layer to form the wires. Continuous pushing out of liquid metal indium under strength, lowering of liquid—solid interfaces and the confinement of the cracks all contribute to the growth of indium wires. Our experiments have shed some light on the possibility of synthesizing large quantities quasi-1D nano/sub-micron structures with specified cross-sectional geometry using the similar method