[en] The general nonlinear chiral SU₂ x SU₂ invariant pion-nucleon Lagrangian proposed by Gursey is studied further in order to describe additional mesons within the chiral SU₂ x SU₂ symmetry scheme. A nonlinear chiral SU₂ x SU₂ invariant Lagrangian for a system consisting of the nucleon and the π, rho, epsilon, and A₁ mesons is developed. In the development, certain vector and axial vector pion functions are introduced that are related to the usual vector and axial vector pion currents, but that transform simply under the chiral SU₂ x SU₂ group. Also the usual Yang-Mills principle of local gauge invariance is generalized to invariance under Q-number chiral gauge transformations that depend on the pion field. This Q-number generalization of the Yang-Mills principle allows all the mesons except the pion to be massive in the exact chiral SU₂ x SU₂ symmetry limit. The formulation of the chiral invariant pion-nucleon Lagrangian in terms of the vector and the axial vector pion functions leads naturally to a description of representation mixing in the framework of the SU₂ x SU₂ invariant effective Lagrangian. Thus the representation mixing scheme for the π, rho, epsilon, and A₁ mesons proposed earlier by Gilman and Harari emerges in this framework in a simple way. From the invariant meson-nucleon Lagrangian and the representation mixing scheme, one obtains relations between meson masses and meson coupling constants that are in satisfactory agreement with experiment. (author)

[en] Several procedures were evaluated for determination of selenium in biological fluids and vanadium in biological tissues by neutron activation analysis (NAA) employing ^77mSe and ⁵²V isotopes, respectively. Procedures for determination of total selenium, trimethylselenonium (TMSe) ion and selenite (SeO₃^2-) ion in urine and serum and for total selenoamino acids in urine were developed by utilizing anion exchange chromatography and molecular NAA. A pre-column derivatization of selenoamino acids with o-phthalaldehyde was necessary for their determination. Also an analytical approach was developed for determination of trace vanadium in liver samples from normal and diabetic rats as well as human and cow. Reactions of bromine-80 activated by radiative neutron capture and bromine-82 activated by isomeric transition were investigated in aqueous solutions of bromomethane and 1-bromobutane. Bromine-80 organic yields decreased with decreasing solute concentrations. The tendency for aggregation of the solute molecules diminished as the solute concentration approached zero where the probable state of the solute approached a monomolecular dispersion. Unlike reactions of ⁸⁰Br born by ⁷⁹Br(n,γ)⁸⁰Br reaction, the total organic product yields resulting from the ^82mBr(I.T.)⁸²Br process showed no solute concentration dependence

[en] The group theoretic structure of the charmed weak current and the chiral SU₄xSU₄ symmetry breaking Hamiltonian is discussed in terms of rotations within the SU₄ group

[en] Because of the biological importance of selenium in living biological systems, various analytical procedures have been developed for analysis of microquantities of elemental selenium, in urine, serum, and tissue. For urine selenium, these include atomic absorption spectrometry, solution absorption spectrometry, solution fluorescence spectrometry, volumetry, and neutron activation analysis. Of equal or greater importance is the determination of selenium metabolites present in urine for the purpose of describing the biological pathways for the metabolism of selenium in living organisms. While it is known from previous studies that trimethylselenonium ion (TMSe) is a major metabolite in urine, probably the result of reduction and methylation reaction, there are no definitive results in the literature indicating the nature or quantity of other selenium metabolic products in urine. Early techniques to measure TMSe levels in urine involved the use of the radiotracer ⁷⁵Se. Because of the long biological half-life of selenium and issues of radiation exposure, its use in humans has been limited. In this paper, the authors report the experimental procedure for the determination of total selenoamino acid concentration in urine and present total selenium values, and, where applicable, TMSe, SeO^2-₃, and total selenoamino acid concentrations in the urine of normal and diseased subjects

[en] The Cabibbo angle is related to quark masses through spontaneous symmetry breaking in a left-right symmetric model of quantum flavordynamics based on the SUsub(2L)XSUsub(2R)XUsub(1) flavor gauge group and on six quark flavors. The agreement with experiment is quite good. (Auth.)

[en] It is shown that the general chiral SU₂ x SU₂ invariant pion Lagrangian in the form given by Gursey can be used to obtain a general and convenient parametrization of an infinite set of generators of the noncompact O(4,1) group. Various special cases of the general form of the generators are given, and one particular form is shown to coincide with the generators of the O(4,1) group used in the literature. (U.S.)

[en] Assuming that quark flavors beyond isospin, strangeness, and charm exist, the authors use the relationship between the structure of chiral symmetry breaking of the strong interaction and the Cabibbo angle in order to estimate the masses of the pseudoscalar and vector mesons carrying the fifth (beauty), sixth (truth), and seventh (illusion) quark flavors. (Auth.)

No abstract available

[en] The Cabibbo angle is related through spontaneous symmetry breaking to the masses of the light quarks in an illustrative model of quantum flavordynamics based on the SUsub(2L) x SUsub(2R) x U₁ flavor gauge group and on four quark flavors. The agreement with experiment is quite good. (Auth.)

[en] The Cabibbo-like flavor-mixing angles are related to quark masses through spontaneous symmetry breaking in an illustrative model of quantum flavordynamics based on the SUsub(2L)XSUsub(2R)XU₁ flavor gauge group and on six quark flavors. Theoretical and experimental consequences of the scheme are discussed. (Auth.)