[en] The potential to develop a province-wide infrastructure for carbon dioxide (CO₂) collection and transmission was discussed. The petroleum industry's original interest in CO₂ was its potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) for Alberta's depleted oil fields. However, new interest has stemmed from its perceived role in global climate change and the potentially negative business and economic implications of emitting CO₂ into the atmosphere. It was suggested that the development of a province wide infrastructure to collect CO₂ would address both interests. A simple screening of the reservoirs was carried out to determine if Alberta has the right oil reservoirs and sufficient CO₂ supplies to support a large-scale CO₂ infrastructure. The proposed infrastructure would consist of CO₂ supplies from electrical power generation plants, CO₂ trunklines, feeder pipelines to deliver CO₂ from the trunklines to the field and the oil reservoirs where the CO₂ would be injected. Such infrastructures already exist in Texas and Mexico where more than 1 billion scf per day of CO₂ is used for EOR. This study compared the factors leading to a large-scale CO₂ industry with factors in place during the 1970s and 1980s, when most of the hydrocarbon miscible floods were initiated in Alberta. It was concluded that the preliminary economics suggest that the concept has merit. 12 refs., 3 tabs., 9 figs

[en] Experience in developing a comprehensive standards management program covering environment, safety, and health (ES ampersand H) programs at Lockheed Martin Energy Systems (LMES) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, provides valuable insights for the development of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) draft Necessary and Sufficient Closure Process

[en] Howard-Williams Lake is a 14.5 acre reservoir located in an abandoned coal mine in Perry County, Ohio. With a pH of 3.0 and acidity values of 300--400 mg/L, the reservoir has no plants or fish currently surviving in the lake. Reclamation of spoil piles adjacent to the lake to the north in the late 1980s was not successful in reducing the acidity of the lake. Currently, papermill sludge is being used on the reclaimed area to the north to promote vegetation, but the reservoir has shown no signs of improving. The goal of this project is to transform the lake into a fishable and swimmable one. The reservoir is receiving about 175 gallons per minute of acid mine drainage, not including seepage into the lake, from eight different sources. Three of the sources account for about 165 gallons per minute of the surface water that enters the lake. These inflows have relatively low acidity readings, which range from 66 mg/L to 568 mg/L. The other five sources of acid mine drainage have much lower flowrates, but have acidity values as high as 3,000 mg/L. Samples of all of the surface inflows and the outflow of the lake were taken and sent to a laboratory and tested for the following parameters: total acidity as CaCO₃, total alkalinity as CaCO₂, specific conductivity, total suspended solids, sulfate, chloride calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, total iron, total manganese, aluminum, and hardness. During sampling of the surface inflows, volumetric flowrates were measured for each inflow. Once the flowrates and the concentrations of the various parameters were known, a mass balance could be constructed which would show how much of each parameter was entering the lake each day. These data were then used to gain an understanding of the geochemistry and geology of the site

[en] Since early in the LANDSAT program, black-and-white paper prints of band 7 (near infrared) of the LANDSAT multispectral scanner have been used extensively to prepare semicontrolled maps of Antarctica. Image-processing techniques are now employed to enhance fine detail and to make controlled image-mosaic maps in color. LANDSAT multispectral images of Antarctica help to expand our knowledge of extraterrestrial bodies by showing bare-ice areas as bright blue patches; on such patches meteorites tend to be concentrated and are collected. Many subtle flow features in Antarctic ice streams resemble features at the mouths of Martian outflow channels, which suggests that the channels also contained ice. Furthermore, flow lines in Antarctic ice sheets that merge with ice shelves resemble Martian flow features associated with dissected terrain along the Martian northern highland margin, and support the concept that ice was involved in the transport of material from the southern highlands to the northern lowland plains. In Antarctica, as on Mars, the virtual absence of fluvial activity over millions of years has permitted the growth of glacial and eolian features to unusually large sizes

[en] The anomalous low energy behaviour observed in metals with strong electron correlation, such as in the heavy fermion materials, is believed to arise from the scattering of the itinerant electrons with low energy spin fluctuations. In systems with magnetic impurities this scattering leads to the Kondo effect and a low energy renormalized energy scale, the Kondo temperature T_K. It has been generally assumed that these low energy scales can only be accessed by a non-perturbative approach due to the strength of the local inter-electron interactions. Here we show that it is possible to circumvent this difficulty by first suppressing the spin fluctuations with a large magnetic field. As a first step field-dependent renormalized parameters are calculated using standard perturbation theory. A renormalized perturbation theory is then used to calculate the renormalized parameters for a reduced magnetic field strength. The process can be repeated and the flow of the renormalized parameters continued to zero magnetic field. We illustrate the viability of this approach for the single impurity Anderson model. The results for the renormalized parameters, which flow as a function of magnetic field, can be checked with those from numerical renormalization group and Bethe ansatz calculations.

[en] Tracing sediments and associated pollutants to their source offers a direct method of targeting conservation and reparation works. At a site located in Whiteheads Creek, New South Wales, Radium 226 and Thorium 232 data demonstrate that neither the G1 and G2 catchments, nor the G3 spillway, were contributing significantly to the sediment present in the G4 gully. As the only other source present is the gully channel itself, it is likely that this is the major source of sediment in transit in G4. This is supported by Beryllium 7 and Cesium 137 data which indicate that the sediments in the gully are derived from erosion of gully floor or gully wall material. The results presented demonstrate the applicability of tracer techniques in providing quantitative estimates of the relative contributions of individual catchments to the sediment moving within a drainage network, and in determining whether or not the sediments are mainly derived from subsoil or topsoil sources. Radionuclide tracing techniques offer a significant addition to the methods available for investigating sediment movement in the landscape

No abstract available

[en] Highlights: • The purposed 21CTP truck technologies can increase long-haul truck fuel economy by >60%. • Continuously improving engine efficiency is important, but can impact WHR and emissions control. • Hybridization has considerable potential for significant energy savings in Class 8 long-haul trucks. • Drive cycle optimization in Class 8 trucks requires careful integration of the component technologies. - Abstract: We present fuel savings estimates resulting from the combined implementation of multiple advanced energy management technologies in both conventional and parallel hybrid Class 8 diesel trucks. The energy management technologies considered here have been specifically targeted by the 21st Century Truck Partnership (21 CTP) between the U.S. Department of Energy and U.S. industry and include advanced combustion engines, waste heat recovery, and reductions in auxiliary loads, rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag, and gross vehicle weight. We estimate that combined use of all these technologies in hybrid trucks has the potential to improve fuel economy by more than 60% compared to current conventional trucks, but this requires careful system integration to avoid non-optimal interactions. Major factors to be considered in system integration are discussed.

[en] The sequence of radioactively labelled amino acids at the N-terminus of proalbumin was determined by automated Edman-degradation. [³H]Valine, [³H]phenylalanine or [¹⁴C]arginine was incorporated into protein in vivo for a time period of 10 min after injection. Since albumin remains unlabelled during this time period, separation of proalbumin and albumin was not required for this work. Hence, compared to previous methods, a shorter purification procedure could be used which increased the yield of anti-albumin-precipitable protein and reduced the risk of proteolysis. Microsomes were prepared from livers removed 10 min after injection of the radioactively labelled amino acids. A buffer extract of the acetone-dried powder from these microsomes was chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose. All protein obtained after chromatography which could be precipitated with antiserum to serum albumin was isolated by immunoprecipitation and subsequent separation of the antigen-antibody complex. The sequence of radioactive amino acids in this antigen preparation suggests that about 20-25% of proalbumin possessed at the N-terminus the pentapeptide sequence X-Val-Phe-Arg-Arg-whereas 75-80% contained the hexapeptide sequence Arg-X-Val-Phe-Arg-Arg-. (author)

[en] A discussion of Ontario's energy marketplace in transition was presented. The current monopolistic marketplace is characterized by cost based rates, homogenous product offering, and an obligation to service. The post-2000 marketplace will be characterized by competitive prices, customer choices and innovations. In the new marketplace, customers will be able to articulate their needs, will be inundated by new providers and will have the choice of value adding services. As far as suppliers are concerned, they will have to become more creative and offer better service to survive