[en] Cross sections have been determined for 74 nuclides formed in the interaction of natural Ag with 11.5- and 300-GeV protons. The technique of direct gamma-ray spectroscopy was used to determine the yields of nuclides; from this data charge-dispersion and mass-yield curves were constructed for the mass range 7 less than or equal to A less than or equal to 106. The mass-yield curve constructed at 11.5 GeV is seen to agree well with a curve at 29 GeV, the major exception being a plateau in the mass region near the mass of the target. The total reaction cross section obtained by integration of the mass-yield curve at 11.5 GeV is 1.05 +- 0.16b in excellent agreement with a calculated value of 1.13b. A semiempirical calculation predicts a much steeper decrease in the mass-yield than is observed experimentally. The experimental charge dispersions are essentially Gaussian. The full-widths at half-maximum and the difference between the most stable and the most probable charges can be correlated roughly with the transition between a spallation and a two-body breakup mechanism. A semiempirical calculation of charge dispersion predicts higher peak maxima than observed experimentally. (auth)

[en] Prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) has been used to analyze metal ion oxyanion materials that have multiple applications, including medicine, materials, catalysts, and electronics. The significance for the need for accurate, highly sensitive analyses for the materials is discussed in the context of quality control of end products containing the parent element in each material. Applications of the analytical data for input to models and theoretical calculations related to the electronic and other properties of the materials are discussed

[en] Without quality historical records that provide the composition of legacy materials, the elemental and/or chemical characterization of such materials requires a manual analytical strategy that may expose the analyst to unknown toxicological hazards. In addition, much of the existing legacy inventory also incorporates radioactivity, and, although radiological composition may be determined by various nuclear-analytical methods, most importantly, gamma-spectroscopy, current methods of chemical characterization still require direct sample manipulation, thereby presenting special problems with broad implications for both the analyst and the environment. Alternately, prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) provides a 'single-shot' in-situ, non-destructive method that provides a complete assay of all major entrained elemental constituents.1-3. Additionally, neutron activation analysis (NAA) using short-lived activation products complements PGAA and is especially useful when NAA activation surpasses the PGAA in elemental sensitivity

[en] Prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) has been used to detect and quantify impurities in the analyses of rare earth (RE) oxides. The analytical results are discussed with respect to the importance of having a thorough identification and contaminant elements in these compounds regarding the function of the materials in their various applications. Also, the importance of using PGAA to analyze materials in support of other physico-chemical studies of the materials is discussed, including the study of extremely low concentrations of ions - such as the rare earth ions themselves - in bulk material matrices. (author)

[en] Without quality historical records that provide the composition of legacy materials, the elemental and/or chemical characterization of such materials requires a manual analytical strategy that may expose the analyst to unknown toxicological hazards. In addition, much of the existing legacy inventory also incorporates radioactivity, and, although radiological composition may be determined by various nuclear-analytical methods, most importantly, gamma-spectroscopy, current methods of chemical characterization still require direct sample manipulation, thereby presenting special problems with broad implications for both the analyst and the environment. Alternately, prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) provides a 'single-shot' in-situ, non-destructive method that provides a complete assay of all major entrained elemental constituents. Additionally, neutron activation analysis (NAA) using short-lived activation products complements PGAA and is especially useful when NAA activation surpasses the PGAA in elemental sensitivity. (author)

[en] Prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) has been used to analyze metal ion oxyanion materials that have multiple applications, including medicine, materials, catalysts, and electronics. The significance for the need for accurate, highly sensitive analyses for the materials is discussed in the context of quality control of end products containing the parent element in each material. Applications of the analytical data for input to models and theoretical calculations related to the electronic and other properties of the materials are discussed. (author)

[en] Thermal neutrons from the Budapest Research Reactor and fast neutrons from the Berkeley Neutron Generator Facility have been used to analyze uranium. It has been shown that both prompt and delayed gamma-rays from neutron capture and fission product decay can be used to analyze uranium concentrations and ²³⁵U enrichment. Detection of neutrons from the spontaneous fission of ²³⁸U has been demonstrated for uranium analysis. The observation of high-energy gamma-rays following the decay of short-lived fission products is a sensitive indication of fissile material, and the ratio of fission product gamma-ray intensities can uniquely determine the concentrations of fission isotopes. (author)