[en] A mathematical model of the process of heat and mass transfer in two penetrating media (gas stream and waste mixture) during plasma gasification of organic waste is presented in the article. The model takes into account many parameters: the total pressure of the vapor-gas mixture, partial pressure, humidity of the waste, etc. The effect of humidity during heat and mass transfer in the reaction zone of a mine electric furnace on the temperature distribution in the waste charge and the gas phase is shown. (paper)

[en] The paper presents the results of mathematical and experimental studies of the process of gasification of municipal solid waste in a plasma electric furnace. The energy consumption for gasification of SMW with the organic and inorganic components of morphological composition was investigated during these studies. The effect of reducing the energy consumption during waste gasification, excluding the inorganic component of SMW was also investigated. The paper presents the results of computational and experimental studies of SMW gasification and reveals the effect of the inorganic part on the energy balance of an electric plasma furnace. (paper)

[en] Plasma technologies of material modification and deposition of coatings with different functional properties can be implemented if the efficient sources of plasma flows are available. These sources are the electric-arc generators of thermal plasma (plasmatrons). The effect of different plasmatron schemes on distribution of temperature and velocity of plasma flows is considered in the current study. For example, it is shown that a partitioned interelectrode insert and gas injection between the sections ensure a plateau in temperature distribution T(r). A similar result was obtained for the plasma flow at the exit of the plasmatron with a stepped output electrode. (paper)

[en] The constructive schemes of electric-arc plasmatrons were analyzed by energy and erosion characteristics. The effect of arc shunting on plasmatron classification is presented. The effectiveness of barrier cooling in plasmatron channel with a sectioned interelectrode insert is determined. The criteria for the efficiency of tubular electrodes in plasmatrons with gas-vortex stabilization of an arc discharge are given. The role of vacuum plasmatrons in creation of plasma-vacuum electric furnaces is shown. (paper)

[en] In the article studies are presented for the application of automated plasma electrical technologies in the process of processing and destruction of organic waste. The presented results were obtained in a laboratory experimental plasma electric furnace with a capacity of 20 kg / h. The aspects of ecologically clean gasification of organic waste, the possibility of producing combustible gas and granulated inert slag were set forth. According to the results of the conducted research, the effectiveness of the use of plasma electrical technologies was shown in contrast to the traditional principles of organic waste destruction. The complexity of the automatic control of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly modes of waste gasification and maintenance of the selected mode and the possibility of using simple recurrent neural network in the automation of the technological process were presented. (paper)

[en] The results of the manufacture of high-purity scandium and critical analysis of the existing technology of rare-earth metals (REMs) are reported. Carbothermic and distillation technologies and equipment for manufacturing REMs are considered. An optimizing calculation of electric-furnace condensers is reported.