Colombie, M.; Decours, J.; Foure, M.; Magnier, P.
CEA Saclay, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette (France)1968
CEA Saclay, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette (France)1968
AbstractAbstract
[en] In the introduction, the advantages of refining the primary γ crystallization in uranium and its alloys are rapidly presented. The refining or the control of this γ grain can be obtained either by modifying the solidification kinetics, or by the addition of very small amounts of alloying elements. This second method will be considered here and more particular attention will be paid to the refining role played by elements of low atomic number. 1. Influence of carbon - The presence of carbon in concentrations of less than 1000 x 10-6 in U-Mo alloys leads a definite refining effect on the primary γ crystallization. For a given rate of solidification, this effect is a maximum for a carbon content of between 500 and 800 x 10-6. The importance of this maximum decreases with the cooling rate; it is very marked for fast rates and disappears in the case of low cooling rates. The addition of carbon gives rise to the formation of uranium carbides whose nature and dispersion state depend on the solidification kinetics. The grain refinement mentioned above depends both on the temperature of formation of these precipitates, i.e. the equilibrium diagram, and on their size. The authors propose a mechanism for interpreting the various observations. 2. Influence of boron - Boron has a still faster action than that of the carbon, even in the case of much lower concentrations. This addition of boron leads to the formation of boride whose morphology has been related to the equilibrium diagram and to the solidification process. Finally, the simultaneous addition of boron and of carbon leads to a larger relative refining than that corresponding to only one of these elements. 3. Other addition elements - A systematic search has been carried out amongst the elements having a low atomic diameter. Oxygen and sulphur, amongst others, proved to have no effect; beryllium and phosphorus on the other hand displayed a definite ability to refine the grain. This effect is studied in more detail in the case of beryllium. (authors)
[fr]
On rappelle a titre d'introduction l'interet qu'il y a dans le cas de l'uranium ou des alliages d'uranium a affiner la cristallisation primaire γ. Le controle ou l'affinage de ce grain γ peut etre obtenu soit en agissant sur la cinetique de solidification, soit par addition d'elements d'alliage en tres faibles proportions. On retiendra ici cette deuxieme voie et l'on etudiera plus specialement le role affinant des elements de faible numero atomique. 1. Influence du carbone - La presence de carbone dans les alliages U-Mo a des concentrations inferieures a 1000. 10-6 conduit a un affinage certain de la cristallisation primaire γ. Pour une vitesse de solidification donnee cet affinage est maximum pour une teneur en carbone comprise entre 500 et 800. l0-6. L'importance de ce maximum diminue avec la vitesse de refroidissement de sorte que tres marque pour les cinetiques les plus rapides, il disparait pour les plus faibles. Cette addition de carbone donne lieu a la formation de carbures d'uranium dont la forme et la dispersion dependent de la cinetique de solidification. L'affinage de grain signale ci-dessus depend a la fois de la temperature de formation de ces precipites, c'est-a-dire du diagramme d'equilibre, et de leur taille. Les auteurs proposent un mecanisme permettant d'interpreter les differentes observations. 2. Influence du bore - Le bore a une action encore bien plus rapide que celle du carbone et ceci pour des concentrations nettement plus faibles. Cette addition de bore donne lieu a la formation de borure dont la morphologie a pu etre reliee au diagramme d'equilibre et au processus de solidification. Enfin, l'addition simultanee de bore et de carbone conduit a un affinage relativement plus important que celui correspondant a un seul de ces elements. On etudie qualitativement cette action. 3. Autres elements d'additions - Une prospection systematique limitee aux elements de faible diametre atomique a ete effectuee. Si l'oxygene et le soufre entre autres se sont reveles sans action, au contraire le beryllium et le phosphore ont montre des proprietes affinantes certaines. Elles sont etudiees plus en detail dans le cas du beryllium. (auteurs)Original Title
Observations complementaires sur l'affinage du grain de coulee d'alliages d'uranium. Influence de faibles additions
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1968; [25 p.]; 13 refs.
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Foure, M.; Lauque, J.P.; Colombie, M.; Decours, J.
CEA Saclay, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette (France)1968
CEA Saclay, 91 - Gif-sur-Yvette (France)1968
AbstractAbstract
[en] This paper contains results of a research in alpha crystallization of uranium alloys. An addition of small quantities of boron produces an important refining of alpha grains for very small cooling rates (about 10 - 20 C/minute). This refining is attributed to the presence of UB2 boride precipitation, acting as heterogeneous germs during the β → α transformation. This action is the more important, as boride dispersion is thinner. After a thorough study of alloys with small contents of molybdenum (0. 2 to 0. 4 % of Mo) and an addition of 100.10-6 of boron during isotherm and/or continuous cooling, the authors describe refining obtained for different alloys with very small contents (U-Si, U-Cr, U-Mo-Al, U-Mo-Si,U-Mo-Sn, etc...) and even for technical uranium, under condition, that boride precipitation is very thinly dispersed. Additions of very small quantities of boron do not sensibly modify mechanical properties. (author)
[fr]
Ce rapport rassemble les resultats de l'etude de l'influence du bore sur la cristallisation α des alliages d'uranium. En effet, l'addition de bore en tres faible quantite produit un affinage important du grain α pour des vitesses de refroidissement tres faibles (de l'ordre de 10 a 20 C/mn). Cet affinage est attribue a la presence de precipites de borures UB2 servant de germes heterogenes lors de la transformation β → α. Cette action est d'autant plus importante que la dispersion de borures est plus fine. Apres avoir etudie de facon precise les alliages a faibles teneurs en molybdene (0,2 et 0,4 % de Mo) avec addition de 100.10-6 de bore, en refroidissement isotherme et en refroidissement continu les auteurs decrivent l'affinage obtenu pour differents alliages a tres faible teneur (USi, UCr,UMoAl, UMoSi, UMoSn, etc,..) et meme pour l'uranium technique, sous reserve que les precipites de borures soient finement disperses; L'addition de tres faibles quantites de bore ne modifie pas sensiblement les proprietes mecaniques. (auteur)Original Title
Influence du bore sur la cristallisation α des alliages d'uranium
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1968; [36 p.]
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Nury, J.C.; Robin, J.P.; Foure, M.; Morin, C.; Beneden, J. van
Practical experience in the application of quality control in water-reactor fuel fabrication1984
Practical experience in the application of quality control in water-reactor fuel fabrication1984
AbstractAbstract
[en] The continuous inspection process is a method used in a Manufacturing plant in order to obtain a fast feed-back between inspection results and manufacturing process. It often requires a specific approach in design and a wide cooperation between Engineering and Manufacturing people. This method leads to additional advantages such as high motivation, and better quality knowledge. (orig.)
Original Title
Systeme de controle en continu des fabrications
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Source
Vollath, D. (ed.); Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Material- und Festkoerperforschung; 569 p; Jul 1984; p. 195-205; IAEA seminar on practical experience in the application of quality control in water reactor fuel fabrication; Karlsruhe (Germany, F.R.); 12-16 Mar 1984
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