[en] According to the mostr common definition a DNA-bank is a system of a genetic material storage. Applying to nuclear-chemical plant workers, DNA-bank creation is determined by the necessity to preserve a hereditary material of these people and their descendants for the further evaluation of consequences fo technogenic factors action on human genome using a contemporary conceptual and applied advances of genetics. In the frameworks of the study of technogenic factors indluence on human genome and genetic-caused disorders development the Seversk Biophysical Research Center is being created DNA-bank of Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises workers exposed to radiation, their descendants, and ZATO Seversk and Tomsk city inhabitants. The DNA-bank will be a basis for all major research laboratory projects: analysis of molecular basis of individual radiosensitivity; analysis of technogenic factors role in congenital malformations and hereditary diseases development in nuclear-chemical plant workers offspring; elaboration of genotype-specific tes-systems of cancer prognosis and development of cardiovascular and other common disorders connected with the effect of technogenic factors. The DNA-bank creation is a technological issue aggravated by ethical problems. Whereas the DNA isolation is not a problem today, ethical complication id debated widely in the world. These questions strongly arise in a view of advances of Human Genome Project. Information consent on DNA usage is imperative today. Also questions on DNA property (who is its owner a doner or a banker) and of a confidentiality, which maintenance is a doubtable question in a case of multiple genetic testing, are not solved today. At present, the Genomic Medicine Laboratory disposes the DNA samples of more than 400 Sevesk and Tomsk inhabitants affected with breast and lung cancer. More than 800 blood samples of main manufacture of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises workers are collected. About 1500 DNA samples are planned to be collected by the end of 2004. All participlants gave an information consent. A Computer program to support the DNA-bank and for integration of teh genetic information obtained on its basis by medico-dosimetric register created by the Severesk Biophysical Research Center is under construction. (Author) 9 refs

[en] The genes of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes genes, also called biotransformation genes or environmental genes seems to be an important factor of individual susceptibility of common diseases of different genesis including cancer. At the present time, a systematic accumulation of information on the role of these genes polymorphism in predisposition to different disorders is carried out worldwide. To investigate a significance of biotransformation genes for cancer disorders in West Siberia region, we studies a polymorphism of genes CYP2C19 (Small-RFLP, 1 and 2 alleles in exone 5), GSTTI, GSTMI (null and normal alleles in both genes) in 47 lung cancer (LC) patients, 269 women with breast cancer (BC), and 130 controls from Tomsk, Russia. All participants were Russians. The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype in LC patients was significantly higher than that in controls (0.608?0.071 vs. 0.162?0-032; p<1x10-7 by Fisher exact test), whereas the frequency of null genotype in BC women was significantly lower in comparison with control women (0.545?0.039 vs. 0.747?0.053: p=0.005 by Fisher exact test). The latter circumstance seems to be unexpected because a priori one suggest that just null genotype of GSTM1 is of a pathological nature. Frequencies of null genotypes of GSTN1 in LC patients and GSTT1 in BC women corresponded to those in controls. In LC patients frequencies of CYP2C19 alleles did not differ significantly from values control sample, whereas in BC women the frequency of CYP2C19 2 allele was higher than that in control (0.340?0.20 vs. 0.182?0.034, p=4,9x10-4 by Fisher exact test). This allele encodes a truncated non-functional protein being a major cause of poor metabolism of some drugs. Thus, the data obtained allow us to conclude that polymorphisms of GSTTi, GSTM1, and CYP2C19 genes are associated with cancer disorders in Russians from West Siberia Even so, their pathogenetic meaning is specific with respect the type of malignant pathology. (Author)

[en] Population health is greatly determined by social factors, mode of life, ecological situation, amount and quality of medical assistance. The analysis of reasons of health troubles increase in population should be done taking into account the above aspects. Main consideration should be given to the development of measures aimed at the highest possible decrease of technogenic and anthropogenic factors influence on a human. Thereupon a complex programme of main diseases screening and monitoring in the personnel of the Siberian Group of Chemical enterprises (SGCE) to be the biggest one among Russian atomic plants has been developed. The purpose of the present paper is to determine main diseases at the earliest stage, the decrease of death rate, as well as the complex estimation of technogenic factor influence on the personnel of radiation dangerous plants nand their offsprings. In this case a long-term effect of low doses seems to be the main risk factor. Taking into account the structure of death rate causes of the population of industrialized countries as well as the spectrum of stochastic effects of ionizing radiation, the screening of cardiac ischemia and arterial hypertension, localization of cancer and congenital malformations have been chosen as the program priorities. Algorithm of instrumental laboratory screening of a particular disease includes modern diagnostic tests. Groups ar risk are formed taking into account a complex of exogenous and endogenous risk factors (age, chronic diseases, bad habits, length of service at a radiation dangerous plant, dose loads, hereditary factors) and on the basis of the screening examination results. The information obtained is entered in the list of database of the Regional Medico dosimetric Register of the SGCE personnel and Seversk residents followed by analysis and monitoring of groups ar risk. (Author) 4 refs