[en] Biofuels are essentially used in road transportation. The European and French frames supporting biofuel development are exposed. A survey is given about the principal biofuels currently used and other biofuels in development or with fewer consumption levels, with associated raw materials and production processes. Practices and conditions for use of biofuels are detailed for some major consuming countries, with use feedbacks from biofuels on different kinds of vehicles. Finally, the issue of energy and greenhouse gas balances of biofuels is addressed

[en] As the Renewable Energy directive proposes the implementation of incentive arrangements for the production of bio-fuels from biomass, this report proposes a synthesis of a study which addressed three by-products of agro-food industry and of catering (collective, traditional, fast) which can help to reach objectives of energy production from biomass: used food oils, rendered animal fat of category 1 and 2, and vinification by-products (grape marc, lees, sludge). The objectives were to quantify, at the French national and regional levels, present resources and uses for these three by-products, non-valorised volumes and thus potentially available volumes for the production of liquid bio-fuels, to identify present actors and their interactions, and to study the potential of local production of liquid bio-fuels. The study comprised a comprehensive analysis of production and valorisation sectors for the three addressed types of by-products, and an identification of recent experiments implemented for the production of liquid bio-fuels. This synthesis states the lessons learned from the study of these three different sectors, and proposes recommendations for further developments

[en] The European programme SOLARGE aims at enlarging solar thermal systems in multi-family houses, hotels, public and social buildings in Europe. This publication first outlines that it is a way to struggle against climate change at a rather large scale. It indicates the members of this European consortium, and proposes sheets of presentation of operations (in La Rochelle, Paris, Venissieux, Ostwald, Strasbourg, Val Thorens, Echirolles, Asnieres, Saint-Raphael, Sophia Antipolis, Saignon, Beziers) which mainly concern solar production of domestic hot water in collective building (often social housing), and hotels

[en] This study aims at determining the bio-methane production potential by using so-called second-generation technologies in France in order to inject it into the natural gas network by 2020 or 2050. The second-generation production process is described: gasification, cleaning, methanation, compliance with specifications. Energetic and environmental performances of these processes are also addressed. Different biomass are considered (forest biomass, sawmill by-products, wood wastes, paper sludge, crops, energetic cops, agro-food industry by-products) within three prospective scenarios

[en] After a presentation of the technical aspects of microalgae processing, and comments on its integration within third-generation biomethane production sector, the authors describe the methodological framework of their study: scope and identification of economic sectors potentially in charge of 3. generation biomethane production, characterization of technological scenarios and technical hypotheses, aggregation and sensitivity analysis on the biomethane production potential. Results are commented in terms of potential of deployment of the microalgae technology within each identified sector, of production of third-generation biomethane by the identified sectors, and of third-generation biomethane production by 2020 and by 2050. Appendices notably give examples of microalgae production technologies, and give sheets of analysis of the potential of implementation of microalgae technologies for different sectors: chemistry-refinery-petro chemistry, agro-food industries, paper, rubber, textile, plastics engineering, metallurgy, materials, farming, crops, thermal power stations, gas infrastructures, etc.

[en] After a discussion of the evolution of the economic and demographic context, this report, illustrated by many data tables and graphs, proposes an analysis of demand evolutions in the building and urban sectors, in the transport and mobility sectors, in the food, agriculture and soil use sectors, and assesses the corresponding evolution of final energy consumptions. The second part analyses, discusses and assesses the various and important potentials of production of renewable energy: proposition of two variations for the de-carbonated energy mix, biomass mobilisation, directly used renewable energy sources, production mix of heat networks, the gas system. It then proposes a synthetic overview and discussion of the evolution of energy offer. The evolution of greenhouse gas emissions is then assessed and discussed. Lessons learned from this update are highlighted, and perspectives are discussed. A synthetic version of this report is also provided

[en] This document proposes a synthesis of a study which aimed at determining what could be an available renewable or recovery gas resource by 2050 in metropolitan France, whether it would be sufficient to face gas demand every day and at any point of the network, which network or production sector evolutions would be needed, which are the available constraints and leeway, and which would be the impact on the average cost of supplied gas. Potential renewable resources come from methanization, pyro-gasification, and power-to-gas. The production mix assessment is based on an ADEME scenario for 2035-2050. Four scenarios have been defined to assess the different hypotheses, notably resources: a 100 per cent renewable and recovery energies, a 100 per cent renewable and recovery energies with a high pyro-gasification, a 100 per cent renewable and recovery energies with a biomass restrained to gas usages, and a 75 per cent renewable and recovery. Results are presented in terms of theoretical potential, gas demand meeting, cost, and avoided emissions. Lessons learned concern the possibility of a 100 per cent renewable gas system with necessary evolutions, and a complementarity between the gas and electric networks. Limitations and perspectives are discussed

[en] ADEME contributes to the discussions on France's proactive strategy, notably by examining possible trajectories for the French energies of the future and has been publishing energy-climate scenarios on a regular basis since 2013. This study, 'A 100% renewable gas mix in 2050?', conducted by ADEME in collaboration with GRDF and GRTgaz, follows on from the works published in 2016 - 2017, and concerns the second most consumed energy in France, gas. Herein, ADEME explores the conditions of the technical and economic feasibility of a gas system in 2050 based on 100% renewable gas. The work is based on ADEME's 2035-2050 energy scenario, with a level of final demand for gas in 2050 of around 300 TWh, compared with today's figure of 460 TWh. The results, based on sensitivity analyses and various renewable gas production mix scenarios, reveal that there is a theoretical potential source of renewable gas that could fulfil this lower demand for energy in 2050 at an overall cost of gas between euros 116 and euros 153/MWh. It would involve making some modifications to the gas system and notably development of the complementarity between the gas network and the electric grid. This confirms that to improve the sustainability of our energy system, we must strengthen the interactions between the energy vectors and optimise their synergies, at various territorial scales

[en] Since 2008, Ademe has regularly compiled an overview of markets and employment related to the main activities connected with improving energy efficiency and developing renewable sources of energy in France. The activities were selected partly according to their connection with Ademe's field of activity and partly according to their connection with the main policies determined by the Grenelle environment summit. Another factor taken into account was the existence of statistical data enabling the relevant markets to be regularly monitored. The activities analyzed in this report are regrouped in 3 domains presented in 3 separate volumes: the renewable energies sector, the residential building sector, and the transportation sector. Each activity is decomposed into 4 main segments (fabrication, distribution, installation/construction/study, energy production/maintenance) in order to measure the level of activity generated at the national scale by the installation of new renewable energy production capacities.

[en] This publication proposes the contributions to a congress on energy vectors for a decarbonized mobility. After introduction and opening speeches, the contributions addressed the following topics: the present context of mobility (consumptions, emissions and objectives; territorial and social stakes of mobility), new technologies at the service of mobility (introduction of the different energy vectors, focus on electric, hydrogen-based and bio-fuel-based vehicles as three important stakes of mobility), various energy vectors for various usages (life cycle analysis, the ambitions of GrDF in the deployment of NGV mobility in the PACA region, sustainable mobility at SAP), to accompany the change (policies in change management), and prospective at the heart of energy decisions