[en] This paper reports that among the single-charged fragments in the interaction of ¹²C, ²²Ne, and ²⁸Si nuclei with the photoemulsion nuclei by same energy 4.1 GeV per a nucleon were observed the exotic baryon systems with Z = 1, A ≥ 4 (as well ⁴H hypernuclei) and with the average free path until interaction visibly less, than one for α-particles. The free path n of single-charged fragments is decreased with growth of theirs momentum

[en] New experimental data on proton-nucleus interactions in emulsion at primary momentum 4.5 GeV/c are presented and discussed. The data are systematically compared with predictions of the cascade-evaporation model. The directions of development of the cascade-evaporation model in a region of incident momenta are considered, and some suggestions are made for giving it more precision. (orig.)

[en] Various flow phenomena observed by a unique emulsion method are reviewed. The experimental data of the emission of projectile and target fragments and relativistic particles in collisions of 1-160 A GeV/c ¹⁶O, ²²Ne, ²⁸Si, ³²S, ⁸⁴Kr, ¹⁹⁷Au, and ²⁰⁸Pb nuclei with ¹⁰⁸Ag (⁸⁰Br) targets are investigated. The transverse-momentum approach, the flow-angle analysis using principal vectors, the azimuthal correlation functions, the method of azimuthal correlations between charged secondaries, and the method of Fourier expansion of the azimuthal angle distributions are applied. Evidence of the directed flow of spectators has been obtained in the medium-impact nuclear interactions. In azimuthal distributions, with respect to the reaction plane, the signal of the elliptic flow of participants has been observed

[en] Angular distributions of charged particles produced in ¹⁶O and ³²S collisions with nuclear track emulsion were studied at momenta 4.5 and 200 A GeV/c. Comparison with the angular distributions of charged particles produced in proton-nucleus collisions at the same momentum allows to draw the conclusion, that the angular distributions in nucleus-nucleus collisions can be seen as superposition of the angular distributions in nucleon-nucleus collisions taken at the same impact parameter b_NA, that is mean impact parameter between the participating projectile nucleons and the center of the target nucleus

[en] In the collisions of 4.1 A GeV/c ²²Ne with AgBr emulsion nuclei, events exhibiting projectile and target fragmentation have been selected. The characteristics of these events are not reproduced by the cascade-evaporation model. The angular distributions and correlation between projectile and target fragments have shown the 'bounce off' of the former and the 'side splash' of the latter. (orig.)

[en] The EMU01 Collaboration has employed emulsion chamber and pellicle detectors to accumulate a large database of heavy nucleus interactions. Samples include both minimum bias and central collisions, analyzed in a uniform manner to extract multiplicities and angular distributions of charged particles and nuclear fragments. We find that the main features of these distributions are well represented by geometrical superposition models. A unique feature of EMU01 is the use of emulsion chambers with thin foil targets to observe produced particle angular distributions with exceptionally high precision, permitting extension of fluctuations and correlations analyses beyond the resolution limits imposed by other experimental techniques. The data are generally well reproduced by interaction simulations such as FRITIOF (the Lund monte carlo for nuclear collisions) which include only conventional physics effects. However, the analysis of fluctuations and correlations via factorial moment and cumulant techniques yields some suggestive results which require further investigation, both by continued analysis of existing data and from Au and Pb beam exposures scheduled for the next few years. (orig.)

[en] Pseudorapidity density distributions of charged particles in heavy-ion collisions have been studied. The results from EMU01 have been compared to the results from the experiments WA80 and E802. The recently obtained pseudorapidity distributions from Au+Au and Au+Ag interactions have been compared to a linear extrapolation from lighter systems. (orig.)

[en] The recent status of the EMU01 experiment where nuclear emulsions are used as both target/detector material for horizontally exposed stacks and as detector for vertically exposed chamber plates is discussed. An investigation of the behaviour in the number of produced particles per participating nucleon reveal weak nonlinear effects for the most central collisions. Intermittency index can be obtained from the density distributions for S+Au and S+Ag interactions which corresponds to fractal dimensions somewhat smaller than unity

[en] We use scaled factorial cumulant moments to analyze pseudorapidity fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions. This approach is similar to the method of scaled factorial moments except that it removes the effects of lower-order correlations upon a given moment. Significant second-order cumulants and cumulant indices (slopes with respect to bin size) are found for all of the interactions studied. These indices are found to have an inverse dependence upon average pseudorapidity particle density

[en] S+Au interactions at 200A GeV were observed using emulsion chambers, permitting measurement of pseudorapidities in the central region with precision ∼0.01 unit. Scaled-factorial-moment analyses are extended to bin sizes smaller than those accessible to other fixed-target experimental techniques. For a sample of 151 central collisions, moments are calculated using both ''horizontal'' and ''vertical'' analysis techniques. While the moments are found to rise (in a log-log plot) with decreasing pseudorapidity bin size δη, their slopes roll off to approximately zero for δη<0.1