[en] Objective: To assess the technical feasibility and efficacy of the combined application of a flexible, self-expanding neurovascular stent (Neuroform) and Guglielmi detachable coils (GDC) in the management of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms in humans. Methods: Sixty-five wide-necked aneurysms which underwent 65 endovascular procedures were performed by using intracranial stent and GDC. There was a total of 30 aneurysms at basilar artery including 16 at the basilar tip, 9 at the basilar trunk and 5 at the beginning of the basilar artery. And there were 30 aneurysms located at the posterior communicating artery, and 5 aneurysms located at the vertebral artery. The Neuroform stents were deployed to cover the neck of aneurysms. Another microcatheter was introduced into the aneurysm sac through the stent interstices and then detachable coils were released to embolize the aneurysms. Results: The combined procedures were successful in all of the 65 patients with wide-necked aneurysms. The stent could pass smoothly through the intracranial artery and got released Complete occlusion was achieved in 60 patients and incomplete occlusion in 5 patients. In-stent thrombosis occurred in 2 patients. All patients recovered well. Forty-two patients had followe-up angiography at 3 to 6 months after the procedure. Among them, no filling was found for the 39 aneurysms which were densely packed, and 3 aneurysms had neck remnant. Conclusion: The implantation of Neuroform stent as a complimentary device to GDC coiling is easy and safe for embolization of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. It has great advantage for treatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms. (authors)

[en] Objective: To study the imaging features of tumors in the corpus callosum. Methods: Different imaging data of 25 tumors in the corpus callosum were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of the 25 cases, 2 cases were anaplastic astrocytomas, 7 cases were glioblastomas, 10 cases were malignant lymphomas, 1 case for each in the following tumors: low grade astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, oligoastrocytoma, lipoma, and metastatic tumor. The lesion's size varied from 7 cm to 0.5 cm. These lesions were usually iso-or hypointense on T_1-weighted images and hyper-in- tense on T_1-weighted images with focal necrosis, and showed ring-like or 'butterfly sign' enhancement after administration of contract medium. Lipoma showed hypodensity on CT with attenuation value of -85 HU. Glioblastomas and malignant lymphomas usually infiltrated into cerebral ventricles and brain parenchyma. Conclusions: Tumors of the corpus callosum have characteristic imaging features. MRI exam before surgery is helpful for the surgical excision. (authors)

[en] Objective: To evaluate the 3-dimention (3D)CTA, MRA and DSA imagings in the application of dense packing for curing aneurysm. Methods: 64 patients with intra-cranial aneurysms were treated with clipping or endovascular techniques (including 72 aneurysms with 60 intravascular embolizations). Their 3D images were studied, the characteristics of CTA MRA and DSA were compared. Results: Among 72 aneurysms, 60 were packed with dense packing in 50 patients, >95% packing in 10 cases. The measurement of aneurysm in 3D-CTA showed bigger than that of 2D-DSA; and that of 3D-DSA was bigger than that of 2D- DSA. Conclusion: Aneurysms could be obliterated by endovascular technique; dense packing in 3D images would be achieved in most patients, but the 3D images showed aneurysm often larger than those of 2D images. (authors)

[en] Objective: To investigate the clinical and characteristic imaging findings of intracranial gliosarcoma. Methods: The imaging findings of surgery and pathology proved intracranial gliosarcoma in 15 cases were retrospectively analyzed. There were 10 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 44 to 67 years (mean age 58 years). Results: All tumors were located in supra-tentorium, including 13 cases in the temporal or parietal lobe, 1 cases in the occipital lobe, and 1 cases in the thalamus. Tumors appeared as round or ellipse in shape. The lesions ranged in size from 3 to 9 cm (mean 4.6 cm). CT scan showed mingled hypo- and isodensity in 7, hypodense in 4 with CT value from 18 to 22 HU, hyperdense in 4 with the CT value from 48 to 55 HU. Enhancement appeared as an irregular pattern. The margin was clear. Most intracranial gliosarcoma showed perifocal edema. MRI were examined in 6 cases, which appeared as low signal on T₁WI, and as high signal on T₂WI. There was irregular enhancement of the mass. Conclusion: It was difficult to make the correct preoperative diagnosis for gliosarcoma, but it was possible to make a tendency diagnosis using CT or MR combined with the history. Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI should be useful in differentiating gliosarcoma from glioblastoma

[en] Objective: To investigate the characteristic clinical, imaging , and pathologic findings of intracranial neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumours. Methods: The imaging findings of surgery and pathobiology proved intracranial neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumours in 14 cases (7 male and 7 female, ranging in age from 6-56 years; mean age 33.8 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Eight gangliogliomas were located in the frontal lobe (4 cases), temporal lobe (1 case), front- temporal lobe (2 cases), and pons (1 case). They appeared as iso-or low density on CT, iso-or low signal intensity on T₁WI, and high signal intensity on T₂WI on MR imaging. Two central neurocytomas were located in the supratentorial ventricles. Four desmoplastic gangliogliomas were seen as cystic masses, appearing as low signal intensity on T₁WI and high signal intensity on T₂WI. Conclusion: Intracranial neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumours had imaging characteristics. Combined with clinical history, it was possible to make a tendency preoperative diagnosis using CT or MR

[en] Sb is considered a promising anode material for high-performance sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) owing to its high theoretical specific capacity (660 mAh·g⁻¹). However, Sb shows a very large volume change (∼200%) during sodiation and desodiation, leading to poor electrochemical performance. Here, we designed and tested a sandwich-like graphene-supported Sb nanocomposite (denoted Sb@RGO@Sb), in which ultrafine Sb nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) surface. The ultrafine Sb nanocrystals anchored on the RGO surface minimize the aggregation of Sb and inhibit restacking of the RGO sheets, leading to a minimum transport length for both ions and electrons. The graphene layer not only accommodates the large volume variation of Sb during cycling but also promotes the electron conductivity of the whole electrode. Owing to its unique structure, this sandwich-like composite exhibits superior sodium storage properties. .

[en] Double carbon coated FeP composite (FeP@NC@rGO) was in situ fabricated via the phosphorization process of the as-prepared Prussian blue@graphene oxide (PB@GO) precursor. The FeP nanocrystals were successfully embedded in the nitrogen-doped porous carbon matrix. When used as the anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), the FeP@NC@rGO anode shows superior lithium storage properties, delivering a high specific capacity of 830 mA h g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 100 mA g⁻¹ and excellent rate capability of 359 mA h g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹. The outstanding performance mainly ascribes to the synergistic effect of the double carbon coating and porous structure design. The introduction of porous carbon and graphene coating on FeP nanoparticles greatly enhance the electronic conductivity of the active material and well accommodates the large volume variation of FeP during the cycling process.

[en] Design of plasmonic substrates is of immense importance for high sensitivity and spatial resolution in plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy. In this study, the enhancement factors (EFs) of tip-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (TECARS) contributed by surface and quantum coherent effects in the ultraviolet region are theoretically analyzed using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method. In the multi-resonant TECARS configuration, surface and coherent EFs of 10¹⁸ and 10⁹, respectively, can be achieved by considering the synthetic effect of surface and coherent enhancement mechanisms, providing the total TECARS EF of 10²⁷ and sub-5 nm spatial resolution. Our theoretical results not only provide a deeper understanding of ultraviolet (UV)-TECARS but also can be used as a highly efficient reference for the experimental design of TECARS platform. (paper)

[en] Theoretical calculations were performed for the deep ultraviolet (DUV) tip-enhanced fluorescence (TEF) using Al@Al₂O₃ core–shell tips. Fluorescence enhancement, spatial resolution and surface plasmon coupled emission (SPCE) of DUV-TEF were quantitatively studied by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. FDTD results demonstrate that the enhancement factor (EF) of TEF can be as high as 3 orders of magnitudes in the optimal TEF geometry. At the DUV excitation wavelength of 244 nm, the spatial resolution and SPCE angles are 6 nm and ±23°, respectively, showing maximum EF of 7.4 × 10². Our results not only help understanding the underlying physical mechanism for developing high-sensitivity and high-resolution DUV-TEF platform, but also contribute to expanding TEF technology from visible to UV range. (paper)

[en] Highlights: • Stream water δ¹⁸O is linearly proportional to longitude and latitude in the north. • Stream water δ¹⁸O is enriched by moisture recycling and groundwater in the south. • D-excess is controlled by elevation and the ratio of glacier coverage over the basin. • Seasonal variation of stream water isotopes reflects different contributing sources. The spatio-temporal variations of stream water stable isotopes are often assumed to follow atmospheric moisture transport over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, the isotopic composition of streamflow can be modified by the extensive variation in landscape properties in large glacierized mountain basins. In this study, the isotopic composition of stream water and its dominant controls in terms of spatial variation and potential water sources of rainfall, snow and glacier melt, and groundwater are analyzed based on synoptic water sampling from September 2018 to August 2019 over the Lhasa River basin (LRB) in the Southern TP. Results showed that: (1) δ¹⁸O variation in stream water is linearly proportional to longitude and latitude in the north. This spatial pattern is primarily controlled by cold mountainous environments, where stream water δ¹⁸O is more depleted and d-excess is higher towards the northwest and higher elevation in glacier-fed streams. Glacial melt could contribute considerably to streamflow generation, especially in the late monsoon season. (2) In the south, stream water δ¹⁸O does not simply follow depleted δ¹⁸O in precipitation along the strengthened Indian monsoon moisture gradient, but is enriched by strengthened local moisture recycling and increased groundwater contributions. The rainfall recharge is highly regulated and mixes with storage before it reaches the mainstem of the river. (3) The seasonal variations of stream water δ¹⁸O and d-excess are distinct, resulting from different contribution sources and catchment controls. In the pre-monsoon season, the strongest local moisture recycling obscures any simple stream water isotope lapse with elevation. These identified source areas and seasonal variations in the isotopic composition in stream water of LRB help us understand diverse water sources and flow paths to streams in this complex environment, which is a prerequisite for projecting potential future change.