[en] Full text: It has been reported about the synthesis of Y-89 nanocrystals. Acetic acid is used to catalyze the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of yttrium chloride. So it became possible to produce Y₂SiO₅ nanocrystals with 35-100 nm in diameter. Yttrium silicate (Y₂SiO₅) is an important luminescent host material for various rare-earth activators. Its excellent thermal and chemical stability makes it a good laser host. In this paper it is shown the preparation of yttrium-89 silikat compound in nano scale for medical applications. Synovectomy by radioisotopes was first tried in the 1950th and Delbarre introduced the term synoviorthesis for this treatment in 1968. Synoviorthesis literally means the restoration (orthesis) of the synovia. The technique requires a radionucleotide with the appropriate characteristics. The radionucleotide should be attached to particles that are sufficiently small to be phagocytosed, but not so small that they might leak out of the joint before phagocytosis occurs. These nanoparticles irradiated in a nuclear reactor to obtain Y-90 nanoparticles.

[en] In this paper, a method for production of yttrium silicate microspheres is reported. Yttrium silicate microspheres with approximate sizes of 20–50 µm were obtained when an aqueous solution of Y(NO₃)₃ was added to tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and was pumped into silicone oil under constant stirring. The shapes of the particles produced by the proposed method were regular and nearly spherical. The spherical shapes, composition and element distribution were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), carbon/sulfur analysis and SEM/EDS mapping analysis. Paper chromatography was used to identify radiochemical impurities in the radioactive microspheres. The radionuclide purity was determined using a gamma spectrometry system and an ultra-low-level liquid scintillation spectrometer. The results indicated that the proposed silicone oil spheroidization method is suitable for the production of yttrium silicate microspheres. - Highlights: • A new way for production of yttrium silicate microspheres is reported. • In the new way, the requiring high temperature is eliminated. • The glass plate crushing stage is eliminated. • Because of the crust of silicon around these microspheres, this method is suitable for the production of radioactive seed sources for implantation in tumors and cancer tissues

[en] This paper reports on a new method to embed phosphorus particles into the matrix of yttrium aluminum silicate microspheres. Yttrium phosphorus glass microspheres about 20 µm in size were obtained when an aqueous solution of YCl₃ and AlCl₃ were added to tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) (phosphoric acid was used to catalyze the hydrolysis and condensation of TEOS) and was pumped into silicone oil under constant stirring. The shapes of the particles produced by this method are regular and nearly spheric in shape. Paper chromatography was used to determine the radiochemical impurity of radioactive microspheres. Radionuclide purity was determined using a gamma spectrometry system and an ultra-low level liquid scintillation spectrometer. The P⁺ ions implantation stage was eliminated by embedding phosphorus particles in the matrix of the glass microspheres. This paper shows that a high temperature is not required to produce yttrium phosphorus aluminum silicate microspheres. The result shows that the silicone oil spheroidization method is a very suitable way to produce yttrium phosphorus glass microspheres. The topographical analysis of microspheres shows that the Y, P, Si, and Al elements are distributed in the microspheres and the distribution of elements in the samples is homogenous. - Highlights: • A new way to production of phosphorus yttrium aluminum silicate microspheres is reported. • In the new way the requiring high temperature is eliminated. • The glass plate crushing stage is eliminated. • In this paper we could eliminate P⁺ ion implantation stage by embedding of phosphorus particles in the matrix of glass microspheres

[en] Full text: The given article talks about how cancer can impact on human organs and how find an optimal and safe methods of treatment of this desease. There were advised radiotherapy that shows a sufficient potential, but unfortunately it is not enough, through its severe damage to health. A new type of in-situ radiation method has been tried using 17Y2O3-19AL2O3-64SIO2 glass microspheres that are preared by a conventional melt quench method. But there was reported a novel method to production of yttrium microspheres by paraffin oil gelation column. In this study three parameters play an important role in gelation time : concentration of Teos, concentration of water and reaction temperature. In the present study a systematic study was carried out by a sol-gel process using a sequential addition method and the results are discussed. The main parameters and their effects on gelation time are discussed. The production of brachytherapy microspheres was studied. Further all this process management described.

[en] Microspheres containing yttrium and phosphorous around 20 μm - 30 μm are useful for radioembolization therapy because they are activated to β-emitter by neutron bombardment and infused in blood vessels in the neighborhood of tumors to irradiate β-rays to the tumors

[en] Full text : Phosphorus yttrium microspheres show promising results in the treatment of cancers. However, phosphorus can be a problem in some types of glasses because it usually plays an important role in the nucleation of crystalline phases, as observed for some silicate glasses. In the previous works P+ ions were implanted in Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glasses at 50-200 keV by an ion implanter. In this paper the novel method to embedding of phosphorus particles into the matrix of yttrium aluminum silicate microspheres is reported. Yttrium phosphorus glass microspheres around 20 μm in size when aqueous solution of YCl₃ and AlCl₃ was added in to TEOS, phosphoric acid was used to catalyze the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate and pumped in to stirred silicon oil were obtained. The shapes of particles produced by this method are regular and very close to spheres. The amorphous structure, PO₄³- and Si-O bands, spherical shapes and composition investigated by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) and the Carbon / Sulfur Determinator, respectively. The result shows that the silicone oil spherodization method can be greatly suitable way to production of yttrium phosphorus glass microspheres. In this paper we could eliminate P+ ion implantation stage by embedding of phosphorus particles in the matrix of glass microspheres. Also this paper shows that the high temperature is not required to production of yttrium phosphorus aluminum silicate microspheres.

[en] Full text : Neutron activation and quality control of Y-90 microspheres produced at Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (Azer spheres) was the purpose of this study

[en] Full text: We report the synthesis of yttrium aluminosilicate (YAS) glasses. Hydrochloric acid is used to catalyze the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of yttrium nitrate and aluminum nitrate. So we could produce (YAS) glasses in micron diameter. Radioactive yttrium aluminosilicate (YAS) glasses have been used to provide in situ irradiation of malignant tumors in the liver. YAS glasses are particularly suitable because they are: 1) Not toxic 2) Easily made radioactive 3) chemically insoluble while the glass is radioactive. Yttrium aluminosilicate (YAS) micro bulks were obtained by different method and then spheroidized by passing them through a high-temperature flame. These microspheres irradiated in a nuclear reactor to obtain Y-90 microsphers.

No abstract available

[en] Full text : Yttrium-90 microspheres administered via the hepatic artery has been used for the treatment of unresectable primary or metastatic cancer in the liver. Y-90 is a pure β-emitter and emits β-particles to decay to stable Zr-89 having peak energy of 2.28 MeV and an average energy of about 0.94 MeV. The dosimetery of low-energy β-sources is inherently complicated due to the sharp dose gradients and the limited range in tissue of the β-particles. The distribution of elements within the microspheres can be effective in the dosimetery. So in this study there was a full focus on the theme of distribution of elements into the microspheres. The quantitative analysis of the microstructure of microspheres is able, by the use of SEM mapping where the topographical analysis of microspheres cross sections is given. There has been shown the EDS maps of Azar sphere (yttrium aluminum silicate) microspheres. The EDS map indicated the distribution of the Y, Si, O, and Al elements into the microspheres at cross section. SEM/EDS line scan techniques was employed for determination of the elemental redistribution across the cross section microspheres for silicon, yttrium, aluminum and oxygen element. There is also a line scan with SEM-EDX was shown along the cross section of Azar sphere sample. The results of the scan showing the variations of concentrations of Si, Y, O and Al are shown in this article.