[en] A new method for studying the structure of alloys has been developed allowing to determine the forms of the probability distribution of the concentration of components. The new method proceeds from the fact that the metallographic structure of alloys is determined by the concentration of components occurring in different places throughout the alloy. The concentrations of components in alloys were obtained by autoradiography and by structural methods of studying metals. The method was verified on several models of autoradiograms of alloy structure. Data on the concentration of alloy components and the results of photometric analysis of model autoradiograms were used to determine (using computer technology) the form of the probability distribution of detecting the concentration of the investigated component in the given alloy. The computer programs written for this study allowed to obtain not only the initial identification of the probability distribution and its parameters but also to conduct verification tests of the agreement of empirical and theoretical distributions. Examples are given of the use of the method in studying the probability distribution of the concentration of components in selected alloys. (author). 11 refs

[en] Short communication

[en] The said alloys were used for verifying the hypothesis that the type of probability distribution of alloy components depends on the type of their steady state diagram. Given are the steady state diagrams for these alloys, experimental conditions and autoradiograms, and the results of the photometry of the autoradiograms. The statistically processed results of the measurement were compared with the theoretical assumptions. The results of the comparison are not in disagreement with the presented hypothesis. (Ha)

[en] A method of the numerical interpretation of autoradiographs is presented for the probabilistic description of the structure of alloys. The measurement technique for collecting of data in random addresses is, however, very time consuming and therefore the automatization and numerical calculation are advantageous. Using electronic optical density measurements and data collection in the memory of a computer it is possible to define moments from the sample (mean value, variances, kurtosis and skewness) and draw a histogram. (author)

No abstract available

[en] The technology of liquid scintillators has been applied to the measurement of low activity ⁶³Ni. In steel, nickel was separated by extraction of complex dimethylglyoxime to toluene. The organic phase was added to the scintillator with normal concentrations of PPO and POPOP and measured in a liquid scintillation system (LS-100 C, Beckman). The efficiency obtained for pure ⁶³Ni was 80.11%. The influence of other contaminating elements in the water phase was also evaluated. This method was applied to the investigation of the diffusion of nickel in pearlitic steel. (author)

[en] To verify the structure description method taking the probability of component concentration distributions in alloys into account, it is necessary to answer the following question: do the geometrical shapes of component arrangement which are visible on the autoradiographs as dark spots determine the type and parameters of the probability distribution. To solve the problem, 14 autoradiographic models representing different shapes of labelled compounds have been prepared and measured. The results show that different structures have a different distribution of the same element

[en] A method for statistical evaluation of autoradiographs of alloys is presented. It is shown that each structure leads to a different statistical distribution of one of the components. Based on that it is possible to determine the phase diagram and to identify the type of alloy structure and the way of its constitution. (author)