[en] Full text: (author)The polarization operator of fermions with the 1/2 spin is found in the external electromagnetic fields: crossed field, plane wave field, the Redmond configuration field. The relativistic invariant solution for the Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations is adduced. The possibility of electron, positron radiation self-polarization is calculated

[en] The possibility of high-energy neutron diffraction in a crystal is shown by applying the solution of time-dependent Schroedinger equation for a neutron in the field of a standing laser wave. The scattering picture is examined within the framework of non-stationary S-matrix theory, where the neutron-laser field interaction is considered exactly and the neutron-crystal interaction is considered as a perturbation described by Fermi pseudopotential (Farri representation). The neutron-crystal interaction is elastic, and the neutron-laser field interaction has both inelastic and elastic behaviors which results in the observation of an analogous to the Kapitza-Dirac effect for neutrons. The neutron scattering probability is calculated and the analysis of the results are adduced. Both inelastic and elastic diffraction conditions are obtained and the formation of a 'sublattice' is illustrated in the process of neutron-photon-phonon elastic interaction.

[en] The diffraction of neutrons is considered in crystals under the influence of a standing sound wave. The scattering probability is calculated for the elastic neutron-crystal interaction, whereas the neutron-standing sound wave interaction can be either elastic and inelastic. The possibility of short-wave (high-energy) neutrons diffraction is illustrated. It is shown that the Debye-Waller factor can be changed and tuned. The analysis of conservation laws are adduced both for thermal and short-wave neutrons. The formation of a 'sublattice' is shown in the process of neutrons elastic diffraction with respect to standing sound wave. The analogous to the Kapitza-Dirac effect is considered for neutrons. The problem is solved within the frame of non-stationary S-matrix theory, where the neutron-phonon interaction is described by the Fermi pseudopotential, which is considered as a perturbation.

[en] The propagation of sound through a spatially homogeneous but non-stationary medium is investigated within the framework of fluid dynamics. For a non-vortical fluid, especially, a generalized wave equation is derived for the (scalar) potential of the fluid velocity distribution in dependence of the equilibrium mass density of the fluid and the sound wave velocity. A solution of this equation for a finite transition period τ is determined in terms of the hypergeometric function for a phenomenologically realistic, sigmoidal change of the mass density and sound wave velocity. Using this solution, it is shown that the energy flux of the sound wave is not conserved but increases always for the propagation through a non-stationary medium, independent of whether the equilibrium mass density is increased or decreased. It is found, moreover, that this amplification of the transmitted wave arises from an energy exchange with the medium and that its flux is equal to the (total) flux of the incident and the reflected wave. An interpretation of the reflected wave as a propagation of sound backward in time is given in close analogy to Feynman and Stueckelberg for the propagation of anti-particles. The reflection and transmission coefficients of sound propagating through a non-stationary medium is analyzed in more detail for hypersonic waves with transition periods τ between 15 and 200 ps as well as the transformation of infrasound waves in non-stationary oceans. -- Highlights: •Analytically exact study of sound propagation through a non-stationary medium. •Energy exchange between the non-stationary medium and the sound wave. •Transformation of hypersonic and ultrasound frequencies in non-stationary media. •Propagation of sound backward in time in close analogy to anti-particles. •Prediction of tsunamis both in spatially and temporally inhomogeneous oceans