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[en] Experience in applying nuclear-physical methods and instruments in building and building industry is generalized. Basing on the latest data physical regularities of the methods used to calculate radioisotope equipment are considered. Typical use of ionizing radiation in building and building industry at control, analysis and in radiation-chemical engineering is examplified. Technical-economical efficiency of applying nuclear-physical methods in building and building industry is analysed

[en] A detector for studying the charge composition of a high-energy electron component of an internal radiation belt when measuring the precipitation of charged particles in the region of Brazil magnetic anomaly is suggested. The detector is a telescope consisting of two semiconductors and CsI crystal housed into a protection detector in the form of a cup made of plastic scintillator. An absorber of plastic scintillator is placed between semiconductive detections. The detector may record positrons with energy up to 5 MeV in the composition of precipitating particles from the belt in definite detector signal combination and specific energy release 511 keV in CsI crystal. 16 refs.; 3 figs

[en] Model and algorithm for calculation of formation of varied composition nonmetallic inclusions in liquid and solidifying steel taking into account its nonequilibrium crystallization are developed. Results of numerical modelling satisfactorily describe quantity and composition of titanium carbonitrides forming in Kh18N10T liquid and solidifying steel and also permit to reveal formation mechanism for this steel dendrite structure taking into account modifying effect of carbonitride inclusions

[en] Considered is the mechanism of formation in the geomagnetic field of albedo electrons observed in the equator region at the heights of artificial Earth's satellites. A comparison of the calculated albedo electron fluxes to the flux observed shows that at the broken L-envelopes the albedo electron flux with Esub(e) > or approximately 100 MeV could be explained by the decay of charged pions produced following the interaction of primary cosmic rays (PCR) with the atomic nuclei of the air. At the closed L-envelopes the electron flux observed could be explained by the electron interaction with the residual proton atmosphere of the inner radiation belt. At the closed L-envelopes in the region of the equator and at high latitudes the same electron fluxes as at the broken L-envelopes should be observed. The time of the formation of fluxes of Esub(e) > or approximately 100 MeV electrons produced by the decay of charged pions following the PCR interaction with the residual atmosphere increases with L, and for L >= 1.2 it becomes comparable with the time of the geomagnetic field stable existence. Owing to the same reason, for the L-envelopes indicated the flux of such electrons should decrease with the L growth. The fluxes of electrons with Esub(e) > or approximately 100 MeV and great pitch-angles observed at the broken L-envelopes in the vicinity of the geomagnetic equator could be explained by the albedo electrons produced following the PCR interactions with the residual atmosphere

[en] Equations for two types of leptons are obtained. They are singlets, i.e. they have no antiparticles. Equations describing them are not invariant under any discrete symmetries. If these singlet states are realized in nature, then interactions with their participation can play a key role in description of the time irreversibility or asymmetry of the matter-antimatter on the microscopic level. (author)

[en] A device for identification of charged particles is described that is based on comparison of the amplitudes of the fast and slow components of a scintillation in a CsI crystal. The device contains a digital analyzer and a microcomputer. A separation of α and β particles is obtained that is better by a factor of 2.5 than that achieved by the traditional zero-crossing method

[en] The article presents the results of the investigation of fission products release from microparticles with UO₂ core and five-layer HII PyC- and SiC base protection layers of TRICO type as well as from spherical fuel elements based thereon. It is shown that relative release of short-lived xenon and crypton from microparticles does not exceed (2-3) 10^-7. The release of gaseous fission products from fuel elements containing no damaged coated microparticles, is primarily determined by the contamination of matrix graphite with fuel. An analytical dependence is derived, the dependence described the relation between structural parameters of coated microparticles, irradiation conditions and fuel burnup at which depressurization of coated microparticles starts

[en] On the base of satellite measurements in the 21- and 22-th solar cycles is developed a model of the electron component of the Earth radiation belts. Spatial electron distributions are obtained at 350, 500 and 800 km in the minimum and maximum of the solar cycle. Global changes are noted in the spatial radiation distribution near the Earth in comparison with 1965-1972, namely decreasing trapped electron fluxes and increasing quasi-trapped oned at small heights and variations in the spectrum in the region of the inner radiation belt. A model of trapped protons is developed which permits to precise flux forecasting owing to corrections accounting for Earth magnetic moment decreasing and atmospheric cutting off. 13 refs.; 2 figs.; 5 tabs

[en] Formulation of wave equations allows one to obtain values of quantum numbers identifying the leptons theoretically. Minimal extension of the groups describing stable leptons led to three new types of groups. Each of them has an appropriate structural invariant ±1.0 and its own set of substructures having physical interpretation in terms of stable leptons. The properties of the above mentioned groups allow one to formulate new types of equations and to relate them with doublets (particle-antiparticle) of massive, charged nonstable leptons and a doublet of massive nonstable neutrinos